Cited by 232Primate Behavior and EcologyNeuroendocrine regulation and behaviorAnimal Behavior and Reproduction

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The Biology of Paternal Care in Human and Nonhuman Primates

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Fernandez-Duque, Eduardo, Valeggia, Claudia R., Mendoza, Sally P.·2009·Annual Review of Anthropology

DOI 10.1146/annurev-anthro-091908-164334

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Abstract

Among primates, intense paternal care is manifested in only a few distantly related species, including humans. Thus, neither purely phylogenetic nor socioecological hypotheses can explain its presence or the variability in the expression of paternal behaviors. Traditional theoretical models for the evolution of paternal care can now be reexamined, focusing on male-female interactions as a possible key to understanding parental strategies. At a proximate level, the existing evidence implies a common physiological substrate for both paternal behavior and pair-bonds. Vasopressin, and perhaps prolactin and testosterone, apparently underlies the endocrinological bases of paternal care, and neuroanatomical reward pathways may be involved in the formation of attachment bonds. Understanding of the genetic structure of primate populations and the neurogenetics of social behavior is also emerging. A multidisciplinary approach that also considers epigenetic and transgenerational effects promises to open new avenues to explain the flexible nature of paternal care in primates.

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Authors: Fernandez-Duque, E., Valeggia, C. R., & Mendoza, S. P.
Affiliations: Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104;
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (AR)
University of California, Davis (US)
ORCID: Valeggia, Claudia R.
Venue: Annual Review of Anthropology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2009-10-01
Volume: 38
Issue: 1
Pages: 115-130
ISSN: 0084-6570 (ISSN-L)
1545-4290
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anthro-091908-164334
OpenAlex: W2170298557
Semantic Scholar: 301ca675e41e42d65c09f7cad571ad90a75c2d1f
Cited by: 232
References: 151
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 1.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: cc-by-nc-sa
Locations: Annual Review of Anthropology (publishedVersion)
Conicet (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
Funders: National Science Foundation (0621020)
Wenner-Gren Foundation
Leakey Foundation
National Geographic Society
University of Pennsylvania
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Keywords: paternal care, primate social behavior, human evolution, pair bonding, vasopressin, prolactin, testosterone, reward pathways, attachment, neuroendocrinology, epigenetics, transgenerational effects, male-female interaction, parental strategies

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The Biology of Paternal Care in Human and Nonhuman Primates

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