Cited by 400Circadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Wakefulness ResearchSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

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CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS: Basic Neurobiology and Clinical Applications

Moore MD, Robert Y.·1997·Annual Review of Medicine

DOI 10.1146/annurev.med.48.1.253

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Abstract

▪ Abstract Circadian rhythms are major features of adaptation to our environment. In mammals, circadian rhythms are generated and regulated by a circadian timing system. This system consists of entrainment pathways, pacemakers, and pacemaker output to effector systems that are under circadian control. The primary entrainment pathway is the retinohypothalamic tract, which terminates in the circadian pacemakers, the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. The output of the suprachiasmatic nuclei is principally to the hypothalamus, the midline thalamus, and the basal forebrain. This provides a temporal organization to the sleep-wake cycle, to many physiological and endocrine functions, and to psychomotor performance functions. Disorders of circadian timing primarily affect entrainment and pacemaker functions. The pineal hormone, melatonin, appears to be a promising agent for therapy of some circadian timing disorders.

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Authors: Moore MD, R. Y.
Affiliations: Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15621
Venue: Annual Review of Medicine
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 1997-02
Volume: 48
Issue: 1
Pages: 253-266
ISSN: 0066-4219 (ISSN-L)
1545-326X
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.med.48.1.253
OpenAlex: W2027654356
Cited by: 400
References: 55
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 1.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords: circadian rhythm, circadian system, suprachiasmatic nucleus, retinohypothalamic tract, circadian pacemaker, sleep-wake cycle, melatonin, circadian rhythm disorders, chronobiology, hormonal regulation, psychomotor performance
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Brain Mapping, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Hypothalamus, Neural Pathways, Retina, Sleep Stages, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Thalamus, Wakefulness, Prosencephalon

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