Light activates the adrenal gland: Timing of gene expression and glucocorticoid release
Open accessAbstract
Light is a powerful synchronizer of the circadian rhythms, and bright light therapy is known to improve metabolic and hormonal status of circadian rhythm sleep disorders, although its mechanism is poorly understood. In the present study, we revealed that light induces gene expression in the adrenal gland via the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)-sympathetic nervous system. Moreover, this gene expression accompanies the surge of plasma and brain corticosterone levels without accompanying activation of the hypothalamo-adenohypophysial axis. The abolishment after SCN lesioning, and the day-night difference of light-induced adrenal gene expression and corticosterone release, clearly indicate that this phenomenon is closely linked to the circadian clock. The magnitude of corticostereone response is dose dependently correlated with the light intensity. The light-induced clock-dependent secretion of glucocorticoids adjusts cellular metabolisms to the new light-on environment.
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There is a neural SCN-adrenal gland connection via the autonomic nervous system, independent from HPA axis activation, that can transmit light information to the adrenal glands and modulate corticosterone release without changes in ACTH secretion.
“significant evidence now points to a neural SCN-adrenal gland connection, via the autonomic nervous system and independent from the HPA axis activation [19, 20]: this multisynaptic pathway from the SCN to the adrenal gland is able to transmit light information to the adrenal glands, modulating corticosterone release without changes in ACTH secretion [21].”
From Impact of Sleep and Its Disturbances on Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity (2010) · cites this paper as [21]
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- Authors
- Ishida, A., Mutoh, T., Ueyama, T., Bando, H., Masubuchi, S., Nakahara, D., Tsujimoto, G., & Okamura, H.
- Affiliations
- Kobe University (JP)
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (JP)
- Hamamatsu University School of Medicine (JP)
- Kyoto University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Okamura, Hitoshi
- Venue
- Cell Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-11
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 297-307
- ISSN
- 1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2019394392
- Cited by
- 589
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 7.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
- Smoking Research Foundation
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- light, adrenal gland, circadian rhythm, suprachiasmatic nucleus, sympathetic nervous system, corticosterone, glucocorticoid secretion, circadian clock, light intensity, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, bright light therapy
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Adrenal Glands, Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Glucocorticoids, Light, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Nuclear Proteins, RNA, Messenger, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Sympathetic Nervous System, Transcription Factors, Genes, Reporter, Cell Cycle Proteins, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3, Mice, Period Circadian Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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