Cited by 7,425Pancreatic function and diabetesDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiabetes Management and Research

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Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance.

DeFronzo, R A, Tobin, J D, Andres, R·1979·American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.1979.237.3.e214

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Abstract

Methods for the quantification of beta-cell sensitivity to glucose (hyperglycemic clamp technique) and of tissue sensitivity to insulin (euglycemic insulin clamp technique) are described. Hyperglycemic clamp technique. The plasma glucose concentration is acutely raised to 125 mg/dl above basal levels by a priming infusion of glucose. The desired hyperglycemic plateau is subsequently maintained by adjustment of a variable glucose infusion, based on the negative feedback principle. Because the plasma glucose concentration is held constant, the glucose infusion rate is an index of glucose metabolism. Under these conditions of constant hyperglycemia, the plasma insulin response is biphasic with an early burst of insulin release during the first 6 min followed by a gradually progressive increase in plasma insulin concentration. Euglycemic insulin clamp technique. The plasma insulin concentration is acutely raised and maintained at approximately 100 muU/ml by a prime-continuous infusion of insulin. The plasma glucose concentration is held constant at basal levels by a variable glucose infusion using the negative feedback principle. Under these steady-state conditions of euglycemia, the glucose infusion rate equals glucose uptake by all the tissues in the body and is therefore a measure of tissue sensitivity to exogenous insulin.

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1 retracted

Insulin Binding to Monocytes and Insulin Action in Human Obesity, Starvation, and Refeeding
Defronzo, R. A., Soman, V., Sherwin, R. S., Hendler, R., & Felig, P. (1978) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci109108 · Cited by 252
Self-citation
Retracted
Insulin Secretion in Response to Glycemic Stimulus: Relation of Delayed Initial Release to Carbohydrate intolerance in Mild Diabetes Mellitus*
Seltzer, H. S., Allen, E. W., Herron, A. L., & Brennan, M. T. (1967) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci105534 · Cited by 819 · cited 2×
“In order to relate the response of the beta-cell (as assessed by changes in plasma insulin concentration) to the everchanging stimulus of the plasma glucose concentration, the use of an “insulinogenic index” has been proposed and widely used (11, 15).”
BackgroundMethod
Dynamics of Insulin Secretion by the Perfused Rat Pancreas
CURRY, D. L., BENNETT, L. L., & GRODSKY, G. M. (1968) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-83-3-572 · Cited by 601
A model of the kinetics of insulin in man
Sherwin, R. S., Kramer, K. J., Tobin, J. D., Insel, P. A., Liljenquist, J. E., Berman, M., & Andres, R. (1974) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci107697 · Cited by 460 · cited 7×
“As described in a previous publication (17), this theory could be tested by subjecting the data to kinetic analysis (9).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Plasma insulin responses to glucose and tolbutamide of normal weight and obese diabetic and nondiabetic subjects
Perley, M., & Kipnis, D. M. (1966) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.15.12.867 · Cited by 330
Insulin Control of Glucose Metabolism in Man
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Demonstration of insulin resistance in untreated adult onset diabetic subjects with fasting hyperglycemia.
Ginsberg, H., Kimmerling, G., Olefsky, J. M., & Reaven, G. M. (1975) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci107951 · Cited by 225

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Self-citation

Authors: DeFronzo, R. A., Tobin, J. D., & Andres, R.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
Venue: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 1979-09-01
Volume: 237
Issue: 3
Pages: E214
ISSN: 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
1522-1555
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1979.237.3.e214
OpenAlex: W2105912552
Cited by: 7,425
References: 7
Citations by year: 2026: 104 · 2025: 221 · 2024: 227 · 2023: 183 · 2022: 205 · 2021: 213 · 2020: 208 · 2019: 172 · 2018: 175 · 2017: 196 · 2016: 192 · 2015: 219 · 2014: 224 · 2013: 262 · 2012: 228
FWCI: 20.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords: glucose clamp technique, hyperglycemic clamp, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, insulin secretion, insulin resistance, beta-cell glucose sensitivity, glucose infusion rate, glucose metabolism
MeSH terms: Insulin Secretion, Glucose, Humans, Insulin, Islets of Langerhans, Mathematics, Methods, Science, Time Factors

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Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance.

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