Evidence for a circadian rhythm of insulin secretion
Abstract
Insulin secretion was studied in healthy volunteers at three different levels of glycemia. Plasma glucose was clamped at approximately 5, approximately 8.8 and approximately 12.6 mM for 68 h. Measured were serum insulin concentration and insulin secretion rates (ISR), the latter by deconvolution of plasma C-peptide concentration. Rhythmic patterns of ISR were identified (with a refined first-order Fourier transform) at all three glucose concentrations tested but were most clearly seen at 12.6 mM. ISR and serum insulin concentration changed in a circadian (approximately 24 h) rhythm, increasing from a nadir between midnight and 6 A.M. and reaching a peak between noon and 6 P.M. At 12.6 mM hyperglycemia, the amplitude of the insulin concentration cycles was greater than that of the ISR cycles (+/- 13.0 vs. +/- 8.7%) due to a decrease in insulin clearance (from 1.55 to 0.5 l/min, P < 0.01). Plasma melatonin levels (a marker of light-dark rhythmicity) changed in the opposite direction, i.e., they peaked when ISR bottomed and bottomed when ISR peaked. We concluded that normal human subjects have a circadian rhythm of insulin secretion, which becomes more apparent with rising ISR, and that circadian changes in ISR, rising during the day and falling during the night, may be one explanation for the well-established observation that glucose tolerance and insulin responses to glucose and meals are higher in the morning than at night.
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Plasma insulin levels display a modest diurnal variation with a 10% excursion, a nadir between midnight and 6 am and a peak between noon and 6 pm.
“Plasma insulin levels also display a modest diurnal variation with a 10% excursion, a nadir between midnight and 6 am and a peak between noon and 6 pm.60”
From Interacting epidemics? Sleep curtailment, insulin resistance, and obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [60]
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- Authors
- Boden, G., Ruiz, J., Urbain, J. L., & Chen, X.
- Affiliations
- Temple University (US)
- Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1996-08-01
- Volume
- 271
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- E246-E252
- ISSN
- 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1555
- OpenAlex
- W1935468480
- Cited by
- 261
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 2.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ag007988-10, 5r01aa010221-03)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA-10221)
- National Institute on Aging (R01-AG07988)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000349, RR-00349)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- circadian rhythm, insulin secretion, insulin secretion rate, hyperglycemia, glucose tolerance, insulin clearance, melatonin, C-peptide, plasma glucose, light-dark cycle
- MeSH terms
- Insulin Secretion, Adult, Blood Glucose, C-Peptide, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hyperglycemia, Insulin, Male, Melatonin, Sleep, Glucose Clamp Technique
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