Androgens and Adipose Tissue in Males: A Complex and Reciprocal Interplay
Open accessAbstract
Clinical evidence shows that in males obesity is frequently associated with hypogonadism and vice versa; also, low testosterone levels have been considered a “hallmark” of metabolic syndrome in men. These observations indicate that there is a strict connection between anatomically and functionally distinct cell types such as white adipocytes and Leydig cells, that synthesize testosterone. Adipose tissue is able to control several functions of the testis through its products secreted in the bloodstream. On the other hand, circulating levels of testosterone and estradiol deeply affect adipocyte proliferation, differentiation, and fat mass distribution, hereby controlling critical metabolic functions, such as food intake, insulin sensitivity, vascular reactivity, and immunity. This paper highlights the existing clinical and experimental evidence linking androgens and adipose tissue and illustrates the consequences occurring when the balance between fat mass distribution and eugonadism is lost.
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The greatest impact of these endocrinological changes appears related to alterations in sex hormones (testosterone and androgens), growth hormone, and adipokines.
“The greatest impact of these changes appears to be related to alterations in sex hormone (i.e. testosterone and androgens), growth hormone, and a host of adipokines [29,34-46].”
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- Authors
- Mammi, C., Calanchini, M., Antelmi, A., Cinti, F., Rosano, G. M. C., Lenzi, A., Caprio, M., & Fabbri, A.
- Affiliations
- Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IT)
- University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Mammi, Caterina
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 2012
- Pages
- 1-8
- ISSN
- 1687-8337 (ISSN-L)
- 1687-8345
- PMC
- PMC3253446
- OpenAlex
- W2070191401
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 6.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata
- Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Keywords
- androgens, adipose tissue, testosterone, hypogonadism, obesity, Leydig cells, white adipocytes, metabolic syndrome, body fat distribution, estradiol, insulin sensitivity, dietary intake, vascular reactivity, immunity
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