Cited by 297Nutritional Studies and DietPhytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesNatural Antidiabetic Agents Studies

Dietary Polyphenols, Mediterranean Diet, Prediabetes, and Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review of the Evidence

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Guasch-Ferré, Marta, Merino, Jordi, Sun, Qi, Fitó, Montse, Salas-Salvadó, Jordi·2017·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Abstract

Dietary polyphenols come mainly from plant‐based foods including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, coffee, tea, and nuts. Polyphenols may influence glycemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) through different mechanisms, such as promoting the uptake of glucose in tissues, and therefore improving insulin sensitivity. This review aims to summarize the evidence from clinical trials and observational prospective studies linking dietary polyphenols to prediabetes and T2D, with a focus on polyphenol‐rich foods characteristic of the Mediterranean diet. We aimed to describe the metabolic biomarkers related to polyphenol intake and genotype‐polyphenol interactions modulating the effects on T2D. Intakes of polyphenols, especially flavan‐3‐ols, and their food sources have demonstrated beneficial effects on insulin resistance and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Several prospective studies have shown inverse associations between polyphenol intake and T2D. The Mediterranean diet and its key components, olive oil, nuts, and red wine, have been inversely associated with insulin resistance and T2D. To some extent, these associations may be attributed to the high amount of polyphenols and bioactive compounds in typical foods conforming this traditional dietary pattern. Few studies have suggested that genetic predisposition can modulate the relationship between polyphenols and T2D risk. In conclusion, the intake of polyphenols may be beneficial for both insulin resistance and T2D risk.

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  • The Mediterranean diet is suggested to have a protective effect on gestational diabetes mellitus mediated through high intake of polyphenols by improving insulin sensitivity, lowering glycemic load, activating insulin receptors, stimulating insulin secretion, and modulating glucose release.

    “The MD is suggested to have a protective effect on GDM mediated through a high intake of polyphenols present in key components of the diet, such as extra virgin olive oil, nuts, and fruits and vegetables, by improving insulin sensitivity, lowering glycemic load, activating insulin receptors and stimulating insulin secretion, modulated glucose release resulting in the uptake of glucose in the”

    From Impact of Mediterranean Diet Adherence During Pregnancy on Preeclampsia, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials (2025) · cites this paper as [76]

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  1. [1]International Diabetes Federation IDF Diabetes Atlas 2015 7th Brussels, Belgium International Diabetes Federation 35914061

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Authors
Guasch-Ferré, M., Merino, J., Sun, Q., Fitó, M., & Salas-Salvadó, J.
Affiliations
  • Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Venue
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2017-01
Volume
2017
Issue
1
Pages
6723931-6723931
ISSN
  • 1942-0994 (ISSN-L)
  • 1942-0900
OpenAlex
W2744470223
Cited by
297
References
92
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1
FWCI
4.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • Repositori digital de la UPF (Universitat Pompeu Fabra) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
Keywords
dietary polyphenols, Mediterranean diet, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, glycemia, flavan-3-ols, olive oil, nuts, red wine, cardiometabolic risk factors, plant-based foods
MeSH terms
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Prediabetic State, Diet, Mediterranean, Polyphenols

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