Cited by 376Nutritional Studies and DietNutrition, Genetics, and DiseaseNatural Antidiabetic Agents Studies

Functional Foods and Lifestyle Approaches for Diabetes Prevention and Management

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Alkhatib, Ahmad, Tsang, Catherine, Tiss, Ali, Bahorun, Theeshan, Arefanian, Hossein, Barake, Roula, Khadir, Abdelkrim, Tuomilehto, Jaakko·2017·Nutrients

Abstract

Functional foods contain biologically active ingredients associated with physiological health benefits for preventing and managing chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A regular consumption of functional foods may be associated with enhanced anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, insulin sensitivity, and anti-cholesterol functions, which are considered integral to prevent and manage T2DM. Components of the Mediterranean diet (MD)—such as fruits, vegetables, oily fish, olive oil, and tree nuts—serve as a model for functional foods based on their natural contents of nutraceuticals, including polyphenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols, pigments, and unsaturated fatty acids. Polyphenols within MD and polyphenol-rich herbs—such as coffee, green tea, black tea, and yerba maté—have shown clinically-meaningful benefits on metabolic and microvascular activities, cholesterol and fasting glucose lowering, and anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation in high-risk and T2DM patients. However, combining exercise with functional food consumption can trigger and augment several metabolic and cardiovascular protective benefits, but it is under-investigated in people with T2DM and bariatric surgery patients. Detecting functional food benefits can now rely on an “omics” biological profiling of individuals’ molecular, genetics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, but is under-investigated in multi-component interventions. A personalized approach for preventing and managing T2DM should consider biological and behavioral models, and embed nutrition education as part of lifestyle diabetes prevention studies. Functional foods may provide additional benefits in such an approach.

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  • Tea has beneficial effects on the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus by improving glucose metabolism and consequently lowering fasting glucose level.

    “Thus, according to Alkhatib et al., the tea has beneficial effects on the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus by improving glucose metabolism and consequently lowering the fasting glucose level.”
  • The positive properties of the Mediterranean diet for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes are not confined within selected PUFA- and/or MUFA-enriched functional foods, but incorporate additional and synergistic benefits from ingestion of numerous bioactive polyphenol compounds.

    “Finally, the positive properties of the MedDiet for prevention and management of T2D are not confined within selected PUFA- and/or MUFA-enriched functional foods, but incorporate additional and synergistic benefits from the ingestion of numerous promising bioactive polyphenol compounds [56], which are currently under investigation.”

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  1. [2]IDF Diabetes Atlas 2015-7th Edition Available online: http://www.diabetesatlas.org/ (accessed on 12 September 2017)
  2. [20]Jimenez-Redondo S. Beltran de Miguel B. Gomez-Pavon J. Cuadrado Vives C. Food consumption and risk of malnutrition in community-dwelling very old Spanish adults (≥80 years) Nutr. Hosp. 2016 33 263 27513490

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Authors
Alkhatib, A., Tsang, C., Tiss, A., Bahorun, T., Arefanian, H., Barake, R., Khadir, A., & Tuomilehto, J.
Affiliations
  • Dasman Diabetes Institute (KW)
  • Edge Hill University (GB)
  • Mauritius Sugarcane Industry Research Institute (MU)
  • Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
  • King Abdulaziz University (SA)
Corresponding author
Alkhatib, Ahmad
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2017-12-01
Volume
9
Issue
12
Pages
1310
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2772650360
Cited by
376
References
141
Citations by year
2026: 26 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 1
FWCI
3.91
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Edge Hill University Research Information Repository (Edge Hill University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • TeesRep (Teesside University) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
  • Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
  • Edge Hill University (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Queen Margaret University Publications Repository (Queen Margaret University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Dasman Diabetes Institute
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
Keywords
functional foods, type 2 diabetes, diabetes prevention, diabetes management, Mediterranean diet, nutraceuticals, polyphenols, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, insulin sensitivity, physical activity, bariatric surgery, personalized nutrition, omics profiling, lifestyle intervention, nutrition education, olive oil, green tea, Ilex paraguariensis
MeSH terms
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Life Style, Diet, Mediterranean, Functional Food

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