Evidence that interleukin-6 is produced in human skeletal muscle during prolonged running
Open accessAbstract
1. This study was performed to test the hypothesis that inflammatory cytokines are produced in skeletal muscle in response to prolonged intense exercise. Muscle biopsies and blood samples were collected from runners before, immediately after, and 2 h after a marathon race. 2. The concentration of interleukin (IL)-6 protein in plasma increased from 1.5 +/- 0.7 to 94.4 +/- 12.6 pg ml-1 immediately post-exercise and to 22.1 +/- 3.8 pg ml-1 2 h post-exercise. IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) protein in plasma increased from 123 +/- 23 to 2795 +/- 551 pg ml-1, and increased further to 4119 +/- 527 pg ml-1 2 h post-exercise. 3. The comparative polymerase chain reaction technique was used to evaluate mRNA for IL-6, IL-1ra, IL-1beta and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in skeletal muscle and blood mononuclear cells (BMNC) (n = 8). Before exercise, mRNA for IL-6 could not be detected either in muscle or in BMNC, and was only detectable in muscle biopsies (5 out of 8) after exercise. Increased amounts of mRNA for IL-1ra were found in two muscle biopsies and five BMNC samples, and increased amounts of IL-1beta mRNA were found in one muscle and four BMNC samples after exercise. TNF-alpha mRNA was not detected in any samples. 4. This study suggests that exercise-induced destruction of muscle fibres in skeletal muscles may trigger local production of IL-6, which stimulates the production of IL-1ra from circulating BMNC.
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Obese individuals have higher systemic concentrations of pro-inflammatory mediators than normal-weight individuals.
“Systemic concentrations of pro-inflammatory mediators are higher in obese (BMI .30kg/m 2 ) than in normal-weight persons (4,5) .”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [5]
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- Authors
- Ostrowski, K., Rohde, T., Zacho, M., Asp, S., & Pedersen, B. K.
- Affiliations
- Rigshospitalet (DK)
- ORCID
- Pedersen, B. K.
- Venue
- The Journal of Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1998-05
- Volume
- 508
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 949-953
- ISSN
- 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7793
- PMC
- PMC2230908
- OpenAlex
- W2093845352
- Cited by
- 673
- References
- 16
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- 2026: 12 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 26.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Danmarks Grundforskningsfond
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- interleukin-6, skeletal muscle, prolonged exercise, marathon running, inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, IL-1β, TNF-α, muscle fiber damage, blood mononuclear cells, exercise-induced inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Biopsy, Creatine Kinase, Humans, Male, Physical Endurance, RNA, Messenger, Running, Sialoglycoproteins, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-6, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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