The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Impact of Atrial Fibrillation on the Risk of Death: The Framingham Heart Study
Abstract
Background —Atrial fibrillation (AF) causes substantial morbidity. It is uncertain whether AF is associated with excess mortality independent of associated cardiac conditions and risk factors. Methods and Results —We examined the mortality of subjects 55 to 94 years of age who developed AF during 40 years of follow-up of the original Framingham Heart Study cohort. Of the original 5209 subjects, 296 men and 325 women (mean ages, 74 and 76 years, respectively) developed AF and met eligibility criteria. By pooled logistic regression, after adjustment for age, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, valvular heart disease, and stroke or transient ischemic attack, AF was associated with an OR for death of 1.5 (95% CI, 1.2 to 1.8) in men and 1.9 (95% CI, 1.5 to 2.2) in women. The risk of mortality conferred by AF did not significantly vary by age. However, there was a significant AF-sex interaction: AF diminished the female advantage in survival. In secondary multivariate analyses, in subjects free of valvular heart disease and preexisting cardiovascular disease, AF remained significantly associated with excess mortality, with about a doubling of mortality in both sexes. Conclusions —In subjects from the original cohort of the Framingham Heart Study, AF was associated with a 1.5- to 1.9-fold mortality risk after adjustment for the preexisting cardiovascular conditions with which AF was related. The decreased survival seen with AF was present in men and women and across a wide range of ages.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In adjusted models, AF is associated with increased morbidity, especially stroke and heart failure, as well as increased mortality.2–5”
From Worldwide Epidemiology of Atrial Fibrillation: A Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study (2014) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“In North American and European populations, the age-adjusted incidence of AF has been estimated to be 1.5 to 2 times higher in men than in women (Supplementary Tables S1 and S2).”
From Atrial fibrillation in women: epidemiology, pathophysiology, presentation, and prognosis (2016) · cites this paper as [15]
Citations
Cites
Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations
Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1992) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_25 · Cited by 45,239
Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations
Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1958) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1958.10501452 · Cited by 39,158
The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data.
Aitkin, M. A., Kalbfleisch, J. D., & Prentice, R. L. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530581 · Cited by 9,875
Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham study
Wolf, P. A., Abbott, R. D., & Kannel, W. B. (1991) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.22.8.983 · Cited by 7,388
Self-citationRisk Factors for Stroke and Efficacy of Antithrombotic Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation
(1994) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.154.13.1449 · Cited by 2,643
Benjamin, E. J. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03510350050036 · Cited by 2,613
Self-citationEpidemiologic Features of Chronic Atrial Fibrillation
Kannel, W. B., Abbott, R. D., Savage, D. D., & McNamara, P. M. (1982) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198204293061703 · Cited by 2,304
Self-citationFeinberg, W. M. (1995) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.155.5.469 · Cited by 2,282
(1993) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1993.00410020010002 · Cited by 1,974
Krahn, A. D., Manfreda, J., TATE, R. B., Mathewson, F. A. L., & Cuddy, T. E. (1995) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(99)80348-9 · Cited by 1,478
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 12
- 10.1001/archinte.1995.00430050045005 · DOI
- 10.1161/circ.89.2.8313561 · DOI
- 10.1161/str.22.8.1866765 · DOI
- SAS/STAT User’s Guide. Version 6. Cary NC: SAS Institute Inc; 1990:4.
- 10.1161/circ.84.1.2060110 · DOI
- 10.1161/str.27.10.1760 · DOI
- 10.1161/str.27.10.1765 · DOI
- 10.1161/str.24.4.8465357 · DOI
- Godtfredsen J. Atrial fibrillation: course and prognosis: a follow-up study of 1212 cases. In: Kulbertus HE Olsson SB Schlepper M eds. Atrial Fibrillation. Molndal Sweden: AB Hassle; 1982:134–145.
- Kulbertus HE Leval-Rutten F Bartsch P Petit JM. Atrial fibrillation in elderly ambulatory patients. In: Kulbertus HE Olsson SB Schlepper M eds. Atrial Fibrillation. Molndal Sweden: AB Hassle; 1982:148–157.
- 10.1001/archinte.1994.00420130036007 · DOI
- 10.1161/circ.97.13.1231 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–145 of 145
Santini, M., Gasparini, M., Landolina, M., Lunati, M., Proclemer, A., Padeletti, L., Catanzariti, D., Molon, G., Botto, G. L., La Rocca, L., et al. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.08.624 · Cited by 121
Aliot, E., Breithardt, G., Brugada, J., Camm, J., Lip, G. Y. H., Vardas, P. E., Wagner, M., & for the Atrial Fibrillation AWareness And Risk Education (AF AWARE) group [comprising the Atrial Fibrillation Association (AFA), T. E. H. R. A. (. (2010) · Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euq109 · Cited by 119
Efficacy of circumferential pulmonary vein ablation of atrial fibrillation in endurance athletes
Calvo, N., Mont, L., Tamborero, D., Berruezo, A., Viola, G., Guasch, E., Nadal, M., Andreu, D., Vidal, B., Sitges, M., et al. (2010) · Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/eup320 · Cited by 121
Ngaage, D. L., Schaff, H. V., Mullany, C. J., Barnes, S., Dearani, J. A., Daly, R. C., Orszulak, T. A., & Sundt, T. M. (2007) · The Annals of Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2007.04.036 · Cited by 118
Physical Activity and the Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Women
Everett, B. M., Conen, D., Buring, J. E., Moorthy, M. V., Lee, I.-M., & Albert, C. M. (2011) · Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes · doi:10.1161/circoutcomes.110.951442 · Cited by 116
McManus, D. D., Tanriverdi, K., Lin, H., Esa, N., Kinno, M., Mandapati, D., Tam, S., Okike, O. N., Ellinor, P. T., Keaney, J. F., et al. (2015) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.09.050 · Cited by 116
Self-citationAtrial fibrillation: the role of common and rare genetic variants
Olesen, M. S., Nielsen, M. W., Haunsø, S., & Svendsen, J. H. (2014) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/ejhg.2013.139 · Cited by 112
Tada, H., Shiffman, D., Smith, J. G., Sjögren, M., Lubitz, S. A., Ellinor, P. T., Louie, J. Z., Catanese, J. J., Engström, G., Devlin, J. J., et al. (2014) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.114.006072 · Cited by 110
Drca, N., Wolk, A., Jensen-Urstad, M., & Larsson, S. C. (2015) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2014-307145 · Cited by 111
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of incident atrial fibrillation in women
Schoen, T., Pradhan, A. D., Albert, C. M., & Conen, D. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.06.030 · Cited by 106
Caldeira, D., Martins, C., Alves, L. B., Pereira, H., Ferreira, J. J., & Costa, J. (2013) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2013-303950 · Cited by 109
Albertsen, I. E., Rasmussen, L. H., Overvad, T. F., Graungaard, T., Larsen, T. B., & Lip, G. Y. H. (2013) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.113.000883 · Cited by 101
Friberg, L., Engdahl, J., Frykman, V., Svennberg, E., Levin, L.-Å., & Rosenqvist, M. (2013) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/eus217 · Cited by 100
Hendriks, J., Tomini, F., van Asselt, T., Crijns, H., & Vrijhoef, H. (2013) · Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/eut055 · Cited by 100
Ball, J., Carrington, M. J., Wood, K. A., Stewart, S., & the SAFETY Investigators (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065795 · Cited by 98
Physical Activity and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Cohort Study in General Population
Jin, M.-N., Yang, P.-S., Song, C., Yu, H. T., Kim, T.-H., Uhm, J.-S., Sung, J.-H., Pak, H.-N., Lee, M.-H., & Joung, B. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49686-w · Cited by 99
Effectiveness of Amiodarone for Conversion of Atrial Fibrillation to Sinus Rhythm: A Meta-analysis
Letelier, L. M., Udol, K., Ena, J., Weaver, B., & Guyatt, G. H. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.7.777 · Cited by 97
Regular Physical Activity and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Ofman, P., Khawaja, O., Rahilly-Tierney, C. R., Peralta, A., Hoffmeister, P., Reynolds, M. R., Gaziano, J. M., & Djousse, L. (2013) · Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology · doi:10.1161/circep.113.000147 · Cited by 96
Genetics of atrial fibrillation: from families to genomes
Christophersen, I. E., & Ellinor, P. T. (2016) · Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/jhg.2015.44 · Cited by 92
Yap, K. B., Ng, T. P., & Ong, H. Y. (2008) · Journal of Electrocardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2007.03.012 · Cited by 84
Atrial Fibrillation Is Associated With Lower Cognitive Performance in the Framingham Offspring Men
Elias, M. F., Sullivan, L. M., Elias, P. K., Vasan, R. S., D’Agostino, R. B., Seshadri, S., Au, R., Wolf, P. A., & Benjamin, E. J. (2006) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2006.05.009 · Cited by 80
Self-citationHoliday Heart Syndrome Revisited after 34 Years
Tonelo, D., Providência, R., & Gonçalves, L. (2013) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.5935/abc.20130153 · Cited by 77
Chen, M.-C., Chang, J.-P., & Chang, H.-W. (2004) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.125.6.2129 · Cited by 77
Prevalence, risk factors, and type of sleep apnea in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Traaen, G. M., Øverland, B., Aakerøy, L., Hunt, T. E., Bendz, C., Sande, L., Aakhus, S., Zaré, H., Steinshamn, S., Anfinsen, O. G., et al. (2020) · IJC Heart & Vasculature · doi:10.1016/j.ijcha.2019.100447 · Cited by 71
Potpara, T. S., Marinkovic, J. M., Polovina, M. M., Stankovic, G. R., Seferovic, P. M., Ostojic, M. C., & Lip, G. Y. H. (2012) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.04.022 · Cited by 71
Vagal atrial fibrillation: What is it and should we treat it?
Carpenter, A., Frontera, A., Bond, R., Duncan, E., & Thomas, G. (2015) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.108 · Cited by 65
Sleep apnea and atrial fibrillation; 2012 update
C Digby, G., & Baranchuk, A. (2012) · Current Cardiology Reviews · doi:10.2174/157340312803760811 · Cited by 63
Li, B., Po, S. S., Zhang, B., Bai, F., Li, J., Qin, F., Liu, N., Sun, C., Xiao, Y., Tu, T., et al. (2020) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.15407 · Cited by 63
Seara, J. G., Roubin, S. R., Gude Sampedro, F., Barreiro, V. B., Sande, J. M., Mañero, M. R., Grandio, P. C., Alvarez, B., & Juanatey, J. G. (2014) · Clinical Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00392-014-0682-6 · Cited by 53
GUIJIAN, L., JINCHUAN, Y., RONGZENG, D., JUN, Q., JUN, W., & WENQING, Z. (2013) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/pace.12106 · Cited by 52
Deficiency of Testosterone Associates with the Substrate of Atrial Fibrillation in the Rat Model
TSUNEDA, T., YAMASHITA, T., KATO, T., SEKIGUCHI, A., SAGARA, K., SAWADA, H., AIZAWA, T., FU, L., FUJIKI, A., & INOUE, H. (2009) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8167.2009.01474.x · Cited by 49
Iliescu, R., Tudorancea, I., Irwin, E. D., & Lohmeier, T. E. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00464.2013 · Cited by 46
Kaminski, G., Michalkiewicz, D., Makowski, K., Podgajny, Z., Szalus, N., Ruchala, M., Szczepanek, E., & Gielerak, G. (2011) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03957.x · Cited by 45
What are the costs of atrial fibrillation?
Blomstrom Lundqvist, C., Lip, G. Y. H., & Kirchhof, P. (2011) · Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/eur087 · Cited by 42
Clinical role of atrial arrhythmias in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
Saguner, A. M., Ganahl, S., Kraus, A., Baldinger, S. H., Medeiros-Domingo, A., Saguner, A. R., Mueller-Burri, S. A., Wolber, T., Haegeli, L. M., Krasniqi, N., et al. (2014) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-14-0474 · Cited by 39
Hess, P. L., Jackson, K. P., Hasselblad, V., & Al-Khatib, S. M. (2013) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-012-0330-6 · Cited by 38
Kirchhof, P., Schmalowsky, J., Pittrow, D., Rosin, L., Kirch, W., Wegscheider, K., Meinertz, T., & for the ATRIUM Study Group (2014) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.22272 · Cited by 37
Silent atrial fibrillation: Definition, clarification, and unanswered issues
Kennedy, H. L. (2015) · Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology · doi:10.1111/anec.12307 · Cited by 32
Stöllberger, C., Winkler-Dworak, M., Finsterer, J., Hartl, E., & Chnupa, P. (2005) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.08.036 · Cited by 23
Shamiss, Y., Khaykin, Y., Oosthuizen, R., Tunney, D., Sarak, B., Beardsall, M., Seabrook, C., Frost, L., Wulffhart, Z., Tsang, B., et al. (2009) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/eup293 · Cited by 17
Pepine, C. J. (2013) · Clinical Medicine Insights Cardiology · doi:10.4137/cmc.s10628 · Cited by 17
AbuElkhair, A., Boidin, M., Buckley, B. J. R., Lane, D. A., Williams, N. H., Thijssen, D., Lip, G. Y. H., & Barraclough, D. L. (2023) · Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.2459/jcm.0000000000001386 · Cited by 15
Cardiorespiratory fitness and the incidence of chronic disease
Kokkinos, P., Narayan, P., Myers, J., & Franklin, B. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology · doi:10.31189/2165-6193-7.2.37 · Cited by 14
Failure of hybrid therapy for the prevention of long-term recurrence of atrial fibrillation
García Seara, J., Raposeiras Roubin, S., Gude Sampedro, F., Balboa Barreiro, V., Martínez Sande, J. L., Rodríguez Mañero, M., & González Juanatey, J. R. (2014) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.06.042 · Cited by 9
Hyperthyroidism and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation or Flutter: A Population-Based Study
Frost, L., Vestergaard, P., & Mosekilde, L. (2004) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.164.15.1675
Metadata
- Authors
- Benjamin, E. J., Wolf, P. A., D’Agostino, R. B., Silbershatz, H., Kannel, W. B., & Levy, D.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 1998-09-08
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 946-952
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2151074096
- Cited by
- 4,575
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 76 · 2025: 123 · 2024: 146 · 2023: 149 · 2022: 189 · 2021: 242 · 2020: 225 · 2019: 206 · 2018: 215 · 2017: 237 · 2016: 238 · 2015: 232 · 2014: 230 · 2013: 279 · 2012: 237
- FWCI
- 35.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc038038-022, 2r01ns017590-07a1)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-38038)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (5-R01-NS-17590-16)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Keywords
- atrial fibrillation, mortality risk, sex differences in survival, Framingham Heart Study, older adults, cardiovascular disease, valvular heart disease, congestive heart failure, left ventricular hypertrophy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Atrial Fibrillation, Blood Pressure, Ischemic Attack, Transient, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Heart Failure, Heart Valve Diseases, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Massachusetts, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Smoking, Time Factors, Cohort Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
