Spectral Analysis of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability in Evaluating Cardiovascular Regulation: A Critical Appraisal
Abstract
Abstract Blood pressure variability includes rhythmic and nonrhythmic fluctuations that, with the use of spectral analysis, appear as clear peaks or broadband power, respectively. This review offers a concise and critical description of the spectral methods most commonly used (fast Fourier transform versus autoregressive modeling, time-varying versus broadband spectral analysis) and an evaluation of their advantages and disadvantages. It also provides insight into the problems that still affect the physiological and clinical interpretations of data provided by spectral analysis of blood pressure and heart rate variability. In particular, the assessment of blood pressure and heart rate spectra aimed at providing indexes of autonomic cardiovascular modulation is discussed. Evidence is given that multivariate models—which allow evaluation of the interactions between changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and other biological signals (such as respiratory activity) in the time or frequency domains—offer a more comprehensive approach to the assessment of cardiovascular regulation than that represented by the separate analysis of fluctuations in blood pressure or heart rate only.
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Data acquisition and analyses were consistent with established standards.
“Data acquisition and analyses were consistent with established standards (3, 36).”
From Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1, yohimbine, and nitrergic modulation on sympathetic and parasympathetic activity in humans (2008) · cites this paper as [36]
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- Authors
- Parati, G., Saul, J. P., Di Rienzo, M., & Mancia, G.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- From the Istituto Scientifico Ospedale S. Luca, Centro Auxologico Italiano, Milano (G.P., G.M.); Medicina Interna I, Ospedale S. Gerardo, Monza and Università di Milano (G.P., G.M.) (Italy); Children’s Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.S.); Massachussetts Institute of Technology, Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge (J.P.S.), Mass; and LaRC, Centro di Bioingegneria, Fondazione Pro Juventute, Milano, Italy (M. Di R.).
- Venue
- Hypertension
- Published
- 1995-06
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1276-1286
- ISSN
- 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4563
- OpenAlex
- W2102043873
- Cited by
- 849
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 26.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Hypertension (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Keywords
- blood pressure variability, heart rate variability, spectral analysis, cardiovascular regulation, autonomic regulation, fast Fourier transform, autoregressive models, time-frequency analysis, multivariate analysis, respiratory activity, cardiac autonomic function
- MeSH terms
- Autonomic Nervous System, Blood Pressure, Fourier Analysis, Heart Rate, Humans, Hypertension, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
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