The Language Network Is Recruited but Not Required for Nonverbal Event Semantics
Open accessAbstract
The ability to combine individual concepts of objects, properties, and actions into complex representations of the world is often associated with language. Yet combinatorial event-level representations can also be constructed from nonverbal input, such as visual scenes. Here, we test whether the language network in the human brain is involved in and necessary for semantic processing of events presented nonverbally. In Experiment 1, we scanned participants with fMRI while they performed a semantic plausibility judgment task versus a difficult perceptual control task on sentences and line drawings that describe/depict simple agent–patient interactions. We found that the language network responded robustly during the semantic task performed on both sentences and pictures (although its response to sentences was stronger). Thus, language regions in healthy adults are engaged during a semantic task performed on pictorial depictions of events. But is this engagement necessary? In Experiment 2, we tested two individuals with global aphasia, who have sustained massive damage to perisylvian language areas and display severe language difficulties, against a group of age-matched control participants. Individuals with aphasia were severely impaired on the task of matching sentences to pictures. However, they performed close to controls in assessing the plausibility of pictorial depictions of agent–patient interactions. Overall, our results indicate that the left frontotemporal language network is recruited but not necessary for semantic processing of nonverbally presented events.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Individuals with language deficits may struggle to produce grammatical utterances and retrieve contextually appropriate words, but their ability to reason about objects and events presented non-linguistically often remains intact.
“Individuals with language deficits may struggle to produce grammatical utterances and retrieve contextually appropriate words, but their ability to reason about objects and events presented non-linguistically often remains intact [42, 151].”
From Dissociating language and thought in large language models (2024) · cites this paper as [151]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x · Cited by 109,482 · see citing works
Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using <b>lme4</b>
Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v067.i01 · Cited by 86,835 · see citing works
BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding
Devlin, J., Chang, M.-W., Lee, K., & Toutanova, K. (2019) · Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers) · doi:10.18653/v1/n19-1423 · Cited by 48,293 · see citing works
The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory
Oldfield, R. C. (1971) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4 · Cited by 35,900 · see citing works
<b>lmerTest</b> Package: Tests in Linear Mixed Effects Models
Kuznetsova, A., Brockhoff, P. B., & Christensen, R. H. B. (2017) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v082.i13 · Cited by 24,346 · see citing works
Language Models are Few-Shot Learners
Brown, T. B., Mann, B., Ryder, N., Subbiah, M., Kaplan, J., Dhariwal, P., Neelakantan, A., Shyam, P., Sastry, G., Askell, A., et al. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2005.14165 · Cited by 23,372 · see citing works
Vygotsky, L. S. (1964) · Bulletin of the Orton Society · doi:10.1007/bf02928399 · Cited by 20,704 · see citing works
I.—COMPUTING MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE
TURING, A. M. (1950) · Mind · doi:10.1093/mind/lix.236.433 · Cited by 10,290 · cited 2× · see citing works
“as diverse as philosophy (Carruthers, 2002; Davidson, 1975; Wittgenstein, 1961), psychology (Sokolov, 1972; Vygotsky, 2012; Watson, 1920), linguistics (Berwick & Chomsky, 2016; Bickerton, 1990; Chomsky, 2007; Hinzen, 2013; Jackendoff, 1996), and artificial intelligence (Brown et al., 2020; Goldstein & Papert, 1977; Tu…”
Computing Machinery and Intelligence (1950)
Turing, A. M. (2004) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198250791.003.0017 · Cited by 6,120 · see citing works
The Psychology of Learning and Motivation: Advances in Research and Theory
(2010) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-62209-1 · Cited by 6,035 · see citing works
Barsalou, L. W. (2008) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093639 · Cited by 5,936 · cited 2× · see citing works
“That said, the findings reported here do not speak to the question of whether such representations mainly rely on sensorimotor areas (Barsalou, 2008; Pulvermuller, 1999) or on associative areas (Mahon, 2015; Mahon & Caramazza, 2008).”
BackgroundThe faculty of language: what is it, who has it, and how did it evolve?
Hauser, M. D., Chomsky, N., & Fitch, W. T. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.298.5598.1569 · Cited by 5,189 · see citing works
Reading Senseless Sentences: Brain Potentials Reflect Semantic Incongruity
Marta Kutas, A., & Hillyard, S. A. (1980) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7350657 · Cited by 4,873 · see citing works
Kutas, M., & Federmeier, K. D. (2011) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.131123 · Cited by 4,377 · see citing works
Binder, J. R., Desai, R. H., Graves, W. W., & Conant, L. L. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp055 · Cited by 4,060 · see citing works
DMDX: A Windows display program with millisecond accuracy
Forster, K. I., & Forster, J. C. (2003) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03195503 · Cited by 2,775 · see citing works
Where do you know what you know? The representation of semantic knowledge in the human brain
Patterson, K., Nestor, P. J., & Rogers, T. T. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2277 · Cited by 2,706 · see citing works
Talmy, L. (2000) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/6848.001.0001 · Cited by 2,115 · see citing works
The neurobiology of semantic memory
Binder, J. R., & Desai, R. H. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.10.001 · Cited by 2,114 · see citing works
The neural and computational bases of semantic cognition
Ralph, M. A. L., Jefferies, E., Patterson, K., & Rogers, T. T. (2017) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.150 · Cited by 1,864 · see citing works
A cortical network for semantics: (de)constructing the N400
Lau, E. F., Phillips, C., & Poeppel, D. (2008) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2532 · Cited by 1,688 · see citing works
Bickerton, D. (1990) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226220949.001.0001 · Cited by 1,591 · see citing works
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
Bastable, J. D. (1961) · Philosophical Studies · doi:10.5840/philstudies19611138 · Cited by 1,520 · see citing works
Natural speech reveals the semantic maps that tile human cerebral cortex
Huth, A. G., de Heer, W. A., Griffiths, T. L., Theunissen, F. E., & Gallant, J. L. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature17637 · Cited by 1,504 · see citing works
Bookheimer, S. (2002) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142946 · Cited by 1,450 · see citing works
Mahon, B. Z., & Caramazza, A. (2008) · Journal of Physiology-Paris · doi:10.1016/j.jphysparis.2008.03.004 · Cited by 1,380 · see citing works
Pulvermüller, F. (1999) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x9900182x · Cited by 1,284 · see citing works
Comparing an Individual's Test Score Against Norms Derived from Small Samples
Crawford, J. R., & Howell, D. C. (1998) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1076/clin.12.4.482.7241 · Cited by 1,264 · see citing works
Functional anatomy of a common semantic system for words and pictures
Vandenberghe, R. R., Price, C. J., Wise, R., Josephs, O., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/383254a0 · Cited by 1,172 · see citing works
Spelke, E. S., & Kinzler, K. D. (2007) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00569.x · Cited by 1,089 · see citing works
Effect of friction on oxidative graphite intercalation and high-quality graphene formation
Seiler, S., Halbig, C. E., Grote, F., Rietsch, P., Börrnert, F., Kaiser, U. A., Meyer, B., & Eigler, S. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03211-1 · Cited by 971 · see citing works
Discovering Event Structure in Continuous Narrative Perception and Memory
Baldassano, C., Chen, J., Zadbood, A., Pillow, J. W., Hasson, U., & Norman, K. A. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.041 · Cited by 952 · see citing works
Psycholinguistic assessments of language processing in aphasia (PALPA)
Kay, J., Lesser, R., & Coltheart, M. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 868 · see citing works
Seed, A. M., & Tomasello, M. (2010) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/j.1756-8765.2010.01099.x · Cited by 851 · see citing works
Semantic impairment in stroke aphasia versus semantic dementia: a case-series comparison
Jefferies, E., & Ralph, M. A. L. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl153 · Cited by 822 · see citing works
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.
Geach, P. T., Wittgenstein's, L., Pears, D. F., McGuinness, B. F., & Russell, B. (1963) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.2307/2183116 · Cited by 821 · see citing works
The parallel distributed processing approach to semantic cognition
McClelland, J. L., & Rogers, T. T. (2003) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1076 · Cited by 796 · see citing works
Hierarchical process memory: memory as an integral component of information processing
Hasson, U., Chen, J., & Honey, C. J. (2015) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.04.006 · Cited by 749 · see citing works
The cognitive functions of language
Carruthers, P. (2002) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x02000122 · Cited by 728 · see citing works
Berwick, R. C., & Chomsky, N. (2016) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262034241.001.0001 · Cited by 713 · see citing works
New method for fMRI investigations of language: defining ROIs functionally in individual subjects
Fedorenko, E., Hsieh, P.-J., Nieto-Castañón, A., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., & Kanwisher, N. (2010) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00032.2010 · Cited by 686 · see citing works
Self-citationCerebral lateralization of language in normal left-handed people studied by functional MRI
Pujol, J., Deus, J., Losilla, J.-M., & Capdevila, A. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.52.5.1038 · Cited by 685 · see citing works
The Status of Thematic Relations in Linguistic Theory
Jackendoff, R. S. (1987) · Linguistic Inquiry · Cited by 646 · see citing works
Functional specificity for high-level linguistic processing in the human brain
Fedorenko, E., Behr, M. K., & Kanwisher, N. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1112937108 · Cited by 595 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…but not to mental arithmetic, music perception, executive function tasks, action/gesture perception, or computer programming (Amalric & Dehaene, 2019; Fedorenko et al., 2011; Ivanova et al., 2020; Jouravlev et al., 2019; Liu et al., 2020; Monti et al., 2009, 2012; Pritchett et al., 2018).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPattern span: a tool for unwelding visuo–spatial memory
Della Sala, S., Gray, C., Baddeley, A., Allamano, N., & Wilson, L. (1999) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(98)00159-6 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Why only us: language and evolution
(2016) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.197322 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Time to understand pictures and words
Potter, M. C., & Faulconer, B. A. (1975) · Nature · doi:10.1038/253437a0 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Towards a distributed account of conceptual knowledge
TYLER, L. K., & Moss, H. E. (2001) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01651-x · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Gradients of structure–function tethering across neocortex
Vázquez-Rodríguez, B., Suárez, L. E., Markello, R. D., Shafiei, G., Paquola, C., Hagmann, P., van den Heuvel, M. P., Bernhardt, B. C., Spreng, R. N., & Mišić, B. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1903403116 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Time Course of Frequency Effects in Spoken-Word Recognition: Evidence from Eye Movements
Dahan, D., Magnuson, J. S., & Tanenhaus, M. K. (2001) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1006/cogp.2001.0750 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
What the left and right anterior fusiform gyri tell us about semantic memory
Mion, M., Patterson, K., Acosta-Cabronero, J., Pengas, G., Izquierdo-Garcia, D., Hong, Y. T., Fryer, T. D., Williams, G. B., Hodges, J. R., & Nestor, P. J. (2010) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awq272 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Does language guide event perception? Evidence from eye movements
Anna Papafragou, A., Hulbert, J. C., & Trueswell, J. C. (2008) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2008.02.007 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Visser, M., Jefferies, E., Embleton, K. V., & Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2012) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00244 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Fillmore, C. J. (2006) · doi:10.1515/9783110199901.373 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Peter Hagoort, A., & Berkum, J. J. A. V. (2007) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2089 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
An algorithmic method for functionally defining regions of interest in the ventral visual pathway
Julian, J. B., Fedorenko, E. G., Webster, J. M., & Kanwisher, N. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.02.055 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Self-citationRepresentation of Real-World Event Schemas during Narrative Perception
Baldassano, C. A., Hasson, U., & Norman, K. A. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0251-18.2018 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Thematic Roles and Language Comprehension
Carlson, G. N., & Tanenhaus, M. K. (1988) · BRILL eBooks · doi:10.1163/9789004373211_015 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Toward a universal decoder of linguistic meaning from brain activation
Pereira, F., Lou, B., Pritchett, B., Ritter, S., Gershman, S. J., Kanwisher, N., Botvinick, M., & Fedorenko, E. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03068-4 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural systems underlying British Sign Language and audio-visual English processing in native users
MacSweeney, M. (2002) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awf153 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Frost, M. A., & Goebel, R. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.035 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Lexical decision and aphasia: Evidence for semantic processing
Milberg, W., & Blumstein, S. E. (1981) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/0093-934x(81)90086-9 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Jacobson, E., Sokolov, A. N., Oninschenko, G. T., & Lindsley, D. B. (1973) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421961 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Neuroanatomical dissociation for taxonomic and thematic knowledge in the human brain
Schwartz, M. F., Kimberg, D. Y., Walker, G. M., Brecher, A. R., Faseyitan, O. K., Dell, G. S., Mirman, D., & Coslett, H. B. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1014935108 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Varley, R. A., Klessinger, N. J. C., Romanowski, C. A. J., & Siegal, M. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0407470102 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat is embodied about cognition?
Mahon, B. Z. (2014) · Language Cognition and Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/23273798.2014.987791 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Brain Regions That Represent Amodal Conceptual Knowledge
Fairhall, S. L., & Caramazza, A. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0051-13.2013 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Infants' intermodal perception of events
Spelke, E. S. (1976) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(76)90018-9 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Event-related potentials during discourse-level semantic integration of complex pictures
West, W. C., & Holcomb, P. J. (2002) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(01)00129-x · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Sokolov, A. N. (1972) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-1914-6 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Sitnikova, T., Holcomb, P. J., Kiyonaga, K., & Kuperberg, G. R. (2008) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2008.20143 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Wehbe, L., Murphy, B., Talukdar, P. P., Fyshe, A., Ramdas, A., & Mitchell, T. M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112575 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Broca’s Area Is Not a Natural Kind
Fedorenko, E. G., & Blank, I. (2020) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2020.01.001 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Self-citationDifferential Electrophysiological Signatures of Semantic and Syntactic Scene Processing
Võ, M. L. ‐., & Wolfe, J. M. (2013) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797613476955 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Nieto-Castañón, A., & Fedorenko, E. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.06.065 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Self-citationFedorenko, E., & Varley, R. (2016) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13046 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Self-citationWagner, A. D., Desmond, J. E., Demb, J. B., Glover, G. H., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (1997) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.6.714 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
The time course of spoken word learning and recognition: studies with artificial lexicons.
Magnuson, J., Tanenhaus, M., Aslin, R., & Dahan, D. (2003) · Journal of experimental psychology. General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.132.2.202 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Lexical and Conceptual Semantics
Pinker, S. A., & Levin, B. (1991) · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Jackendoff, R. (1996) · Pragmatics & Cognition · doi:10.1075/pc.4.1.03jac · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Perceiving and remembering events cross-linguistically: Evidence from dual-task paradigms
Trueswell, J. C., & Anna Papafragou, A. (2010) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2010.02.006 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
fMRI reveals language-specific predictive coding during naturalistic sentence comprehension
Shain, C., Blank, I. A., van Schijndel, M., Schuler, W., & Fedorenko, E. (2020) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107307 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Self-citationWeyl-like points from band inversions of spin-polarised surface states in NbGeSb
Marković, I., Hooley, C., Clark, O. J., Mazzola, F., Watson, M. D., Riley, J. M., Volckaert, K., Underwood, K., Dyer, M. S., Murgatroyd, P. A. E., et al. (2019) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Varley, R. A., & Siegal, M. (2000) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00538-8 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Self-citationDevereux, B. J., Clarke, A., Marouchos, A., & TYLER, L. K. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3809-13.2013 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Left/right asymmetry of atrophy in semantic dementia
Thompson, S., Patterson, K., & Hodges, J. (2003) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000091868.28557.b8 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Abstract linguistic structure correlates with temporal activity during naturalistic comprehension
Brennan, J., Stabler, E. P., Wagenen, S. E. V., Luh, W., & Hale, J. (2016) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2016.04.008 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Functional neuroanatomy of intuitive physical inference
Fischer, J., Mikhael, J. G., Tenenbaum, J. B., & Kanwisher, N. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1610344113 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Self-citationTaking both sides: do unilateral anterior temporal lobe lesions disrupt semantic memory?
Ralph, M. A. L., Lisa Cipolotti, A., Manes, F. F., & Patterson, K. E. (2010) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awq264 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Biolinguistic Explorations: Design, Development, Evolution
Chomsky, N. (2007) · International Journal of Philosophical Studies · doi:10.1080/09672550601143078 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Neural resources for processing language and environmental sounds: Evidence from aphasia
Saygin, A. P. (2003) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awg082 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Unitary vs multiple semantics: PET studies of word and picture processing
Bright, P., Moss, H. E., & TYLER, L. K. (2004) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2004.01.010 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Diachek, E., Blank, I., Siegelman, M., Affourtit, J., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2036-19.2020 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citationBlank, I., Kanwisher, N., & Fedorenko, E. (2014) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00884.2013 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Self-citationWurm, M. F., & Caramazza, A. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-08084-y · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Thought Beyond Language: Neural Dissociation of Algebra and Natural Language
Monti, M. M., Parsons, L. M., & Osherson, D. N. (2012) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797612437427 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
How language acquisition builds on cognitive development
Clark, E. V. (2004) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.08.012 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence, Language, and the Study of Knowledge*,†
Goldstein, I., & Papert, S. A. (1977) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1016/s0364-0213(77)80006-2 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
The boundaries of language and thought in deductive inference
Monti, M. M., Parsons, L. M., & Osherson, D. N. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0902422106 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
An architecture for encoding sentence meaning in left mid-superior temporal cortex
Frankland, S., & Greene, J. D. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1421236112 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Cognitive and behavioral profile in a case of right anterior temporal lobe neurodegeneration
Gorno-Tempini, M. L., Rankin, K. P., Woolley, J. D., Rosen, H. J., Phengrasamy, L., & Miller, B. L. (2004) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70159-x · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Action comprehension in aphasia: linguistic and non-linguistic deficits and their lesion correlates
Saygın, A. P., Wilson, S. M., Dronkers, N. F., & Bates, E. A. (2004) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.04.016 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Braga, R. M., Van Dijk, K. R. A., Polimeni, J. R., Eldaief, M. C., & Buckner, R. L. (2019) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00808.2018 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Commonality of neural representations of words and pictures
Shinkareva, S. V., Malave, V. L., Mason, R. A., Mitchell, T. M., & Just, M. A. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.042 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Luria, A. R., Tsvetkova, L. S., & Futer, D. S. (1965) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(65)90113-9 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Handbook of Nonverbal Assessment
McCallum, R. S. (2003) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0153-4 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
RP and N400 ERP components reflect semantic violations in visual processing of human actions
Proverbio, A. M., & Riva, F. (2009) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.05.012 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Semantic dementia and the left and right temporal lobes
Snowden, J. S., Harris, J. M., Thompson, J. C., Kobylecki, C., Jones, M., Richardson, A. M., & Neary, D. (2018) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2017.08.024 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Is the statistic value all we should care about in neuroimaging?
Chen, G., Taylor, P. A., & Cox, R. W. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.09.066 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Linking semantic priming effect in functional MRI and event-related potentials
Matsumoto, A., Iidaka, T., Haneda, K., Okada, T., & Sadato, N. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.09.008 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
On the Status of Object Concepts in Aphasia
Chertkow, H. M., Bub, D. N., Deaudon, C., & Whitehead, V. (1997) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1006/brln.1997.1771 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Neural responses to visually observed social interactions
Walbrin, J., Downing, P. E., & Koldewyn, K. (2018) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.02.023 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Pictures in sentences: Understanding without words.
Potter, M. C., & al., E. (1986) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.115.3.281 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
A distinct cortical network for mathematical knowledge in the human brain
Amalric, M., & Dehaene, S. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.001 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
A new fun and robust version of an fMRI localizer for the frontotemporal language system
Scott, T. L., Gallée, J., & Fedorenko, E. (2017) · Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17588928.2016.1201466 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationYour Brain on Comics: A Cognitive Model of Visual Narrative Comprehension
Cohn, N. (2019) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/tops.12421 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Neuroimaging of Language: Why Hasn't a Clearer Picture Emerged?
Fedorenko, E., & Kanwisher, N. (2009) · Language and Linguistics Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1749-818x.2009.00143.x · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationWhy Bilateral Damage Is Worse than Unilateral Damage to the Brain
Schapiro, A., McClelland, J. L., Welbourne, S. R., Rogers, T., & Ralph, M. L. (2013) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00441 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Mahowald, K., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.073 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationComprehension of computer code relies primarily on domain-general executive brain regions
Ivanova, A. A., Srikant, S., Sueoka, Y., Kean, H., Dhamala, R., O’Reilly, U.-M., Bers, M. U., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.58906 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly activation of object names in visual search
Meyer, A. S., Belke, E., Telling, A. L., & Humphreys, G. W. (2007) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03196826 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
The Nature and Neural Correlates of Semantic Association versus Conceptual Similarity
Jackson, R. L., Hoffman, P., Pobric, G., & Ralph, M. A. L. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhv003 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Cohn, N., & Paczynski, M. (2013) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2013.07.002 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
The Functional Neuroanatomy of Thematic Role and Locative Relational Knowledge
Wu, D. H., Waller, S. S., & Chatterjee, A. K. (2007) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2007.19.9.1542 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Anderson, A. J., Binder, J. R., Fernandino, L., Humphries, C., Conant, L. L., Aguilar, M., Wang, X., Doko, D., & Raizada, R. D. S. (2016) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhw240 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Fluid intelligence is supported by the multiple-demand system not the language system
Woolgar, A., Duncan, J., Manes, F. F., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2018) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-017-0282-3 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationOrganizational Principles of Abstract Words in the Human Brain
Wang, X., Wu, W. H., Ling, Z.-H., Xu, Y., Fang, Y., Wang, X., Binder, J. R., Men, W., Gao, J., & Yanchao Bi, A. (2017) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhx283 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Binney, R. J., Henry, M. L., Babiak, M. C., Pressman, P., Santos‐Santos, M., Narvid, J. A., Mandelli, M. L., Strain, P. J., Miller, B. L., Rankin, K. P., et al. (2016) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2016.05.014 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Hafri, A., Trueswell, J. C., & Strickland, B. (2018) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2018.02.011 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Spared musical abilities in a conductor with global aphasia and ideomotor apraxia.
Basso, A., & Capitani, E. (1985) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.48.5.407 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Fillmore, C. J. (1968) · The Knowledge Bank (The Ohio State University) · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Fixation-related Brain Potentials during Semantic Integration of Object–Scene Information
Coco, M. I., Nuthmann, A., & Dimigen, O. (2019) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01504 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Language, gesture, and handedness: Evidence for independent lateralized networks
Häberling, I. S., Corballis, P. M., & Corballis, M. C. (2016) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2016.06.003 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Spatiotemporal Signatures of Lexical–Semantic Prediction
Lau, E. F., Weber, K., Gramfort, A., Hämäläinen, M., & Kuperberg, G. R. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu219 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Gainotti, G. (2015) · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.02.004 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
The neural bases of taxonomic and thematic conceptual relations: An MEG study
Lewis, G. A., Poeppel, D., & Murphy, G. L. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.011 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Amit, E., Hoeflin, C., Hamzah, N., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.029 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationDissociating Verbal and Nonverbal Conceptual Processing in the Human Brain
Thierry, G., & Price, C. J. (2006) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2006.18.6.1018 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Flexible and fast: Linguistic shortcut affects both shallow and deep conceptual processing
Connell, L., & Lynott, D. (2013) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-012-0368-x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Visual categorization is automatic and obligatory: Evidence from Stroop-like paradigm
Greene, M. R., & Fei-Fei, L. (2014) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/14.1.14 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Language Reflects “Core” Cognition: A New Theory About the Origin of Cross‐Linguistic Regularities
Strickland, B. (2016) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/cogs.12332 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Yanchao Bi, A., Wei, T., Wu, C., Zaizhu Han, A., Jiang, T., & Caramazza, A. (2009) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2009.12.002 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Doctor, Teacher, and Stethoscope: Neural Representation of Different Types of Semantic Relations
Xu, Y., Wang, X., Wang, X., Men, W., Gao, J., & Yanchao Bi, A. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2562-17.2018 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Thematic roles: Core knowledge or linguistic construct?
Rissman, L., & Majid, A. (2019) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-019-01634-5 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Hierarchy processing in human neurobiology: how specific is it?
Friederici, A. D. (2019) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2018.0391 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Tahmasebi, A. M., Davis, M. H., Wild, C. J., Rodd, J. M., Hakyemez, H., Abolmaesumi, P., & Johnsrude, I. S. (2011) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr205 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Sociality and interaction envelope organize visual action representations
Tarhan, L., & Konkle, T. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16846-w · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Introduction to special issue of Cognition on lexical and conceptual semantics
Levin, B., & Pinker, S. A. (1991) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(91)90030-8 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Lucy, L., & Gauthier, J. (2017) · RoboNLP@ACL · doi:10.18653/v1/w17-2810 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Frankland, S., & Greene, J. D. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa001 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Liu, Y.-F., Kim, J., Wilson, C., & Bedny, M. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.59340 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Sentence processing therapy: Working at the level of the event
Marshall, J., Pring, T., & Chiat, S. (1993) · Aphasiology · doi:10.1080/02687039308249505 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Gainotti, G. (2011) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2010.12.001 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Jouen, A.-L., Ellmore, T. M., Madden-Lombardi, C., Pallier, C., Dominey, P. F., & Ventre‐Dominey, J. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.11.024 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
fMRI study comparing names versus pictures of objects
Sevostianov, A. V., Horwitz, B., Nechaev, V. B., Williams, R. S., Fromm, S. J., & Braun, A. R. (2002) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.10037 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
High-level language processing regions are not engaged in action observation or imitation
Pritchett, B., Hoeflin, C., Koldewyn, K., Dechter, E., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2018) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00222.2018 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationNarrow syntax and the language of thought
Hinzen, W. (2012) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2011.627537 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Speech-accompanying gestures are not processed by the language-processing mechanisms
Jouravlev, O., Zheng, D., Balewski, Z., Le Arnz Pongos, A., Levan, Z., Goldin-Meadow, S., & Fedorenko, E. (2019) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107132 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationLanguage knowledge and event knowledge in language use
Willits, J. A., Amato, M. S., & MacDonald, M. C. (2015) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2015.02.002 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Teige, C., Cornelissen, P. L., Mollo, G., Alam, T. R. G., McCarty, K., Smallwood, J., & Jefferies, E. (2019) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2019.07.002 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
IS THINKING MERELY ACTION OF LANGUAGE MECHANISMS 1 ? (V.)
Watson, J. B. (1920) · British Journal of Psychology General Section · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1920.tb00010.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Using Language to Navigate the Infant Mind
Wagner, L., & Lakusta, L. (2009) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01117.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Wang, J., Cherkassky, V. L., Yang, Y., Chang, K.-M. K., Vargas, R., Diana, N., & Just, M. A. (2016) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643294.2016.1182480 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Early sensitivity of left perisylvian cortex to relationality in nouns and verbs
Williams, A., Reddigari, S., & Liina Pylkkänen, A. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.04.029 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
A Double Dissociation in Sensitivity to Verb and Noun Semantics Across Cortical Networks
Elli, G. V., Lane, C., & Bedny, M. (2019) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhz014 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Semantic Memory and Language Processing: A Primer
Antonucci, S. M., & Reilly, J. J. (2008) · Seminars in Speech and Language · doi:10.1055/s-2008-1061621 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Modality-independent encoding of individual concepts in the left parietal cortex
Handjaras, G., Leo, A., Cecchetti, L., Papale, P., Lenci, A., Marotta, G., Pietrini, P., & Ricciardi, E. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.05.001 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Zhu, Z., BASTIAANSEN, M. C. M., Hakun, J. G., Petersson, K. M., Wang, S., & Peter Hagoort, A. (2019) · Journal of Neurolinguistics · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroling.2019.100855 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Blank, I., Kiran, S., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2017) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643294.2017.1402756 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationThe influence of event-related knowledge on verb-argument processing in aphasia
Dickey, M. W., & Warren, T. C. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.12.003 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Altshuler, D., Parsons, T. D., & Schwarzschild, R. (2019) · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Dresang, H. C., Dickey, M. W., & Warren, T. C. (2019) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643294.2019.1656604 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Rehrig, G., Hayes, T. R., Henderson, J. M., & Ferreira, F. (2020) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-020-01050-4 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Hu, Z., Yang, H., Yang, Y., Nishida, S., Madden-Lombardi, C., Ventre‐Dominey, J., Dominey, P. F., & Ogawa, K. (2019) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00380 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Colvin, M. B., Warren, T. C., & Dickey, M. W. (2019) · Studies in theoretical psycholinguistics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01563-3_13 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Zimmerer, V. C., Varley, R. A., Deamer, F., & Hinzen, W. (2018) · Journal of Neurolinguistics · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroling.2018.08.002 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationFlexible Use of Phonological and Visual Memory in Language-mediated Visual Search.
Pontillo, D. F., Salverda, A. P., & Tanenhaus, M. K. (2015) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Fang, Y., Chen, Q., Lingnau, A., Zaizhu Han, A., & Yanchao Bi, A. (2016) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00094 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Comprehension of computer code relies primarily on domain-general executive resourcesPreprint
Ivanova, A. A., Srikant, S., Sueoka, Y., Kean, H., Dhamala, R., O’Reilly, U.-M., Bers, M. U., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.17605/osf.io/9jfn5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationBeyond the word and image: III. Neurodynamic properties of the semantic networkPreprint
Jouen, A.-L., Cazin, N., Hidot, S., Madden-Lombardi, C., Ventre‐Dominey, J., & Dominey, P. F. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/767384 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding
Devlin, J., Chang, M.-W., Lee, K., & Toutanova, K. (2018) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1810.04805
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 182 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dissociating language and thought in large language models
Mahowald, K., Ivanova, A. A., Blank, I. A., Kanwisher, N., Tenenbaum, J. B., & Fedorenko, E. (2024) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.011 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Self-citationThe language network as a natural kind within the broader landscape of the human brain
Fedorenko, E. G., Ivanova, A. A., & Regev, T. I. (2024) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-024-00802-4 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Self-citationDiachek, E., Blank, I., Siegelman, M., Affourtit, J., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2036-19.2020 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citationLanguage is primarily a tool for communication rather than thought
Fedorenko, E., Piantadosi, S. T., & Gibson, E. A. F. (2024) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07522-w · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citationComprehension of computer code relies primarily on domain-general executive brain regions
Ivanova, A. A., Srikant, S., Sueoka, Y., Kean, H., Dhamala, R., O’Reilly, U.-M., Bers, M. U., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.58906 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat we mean when we say semantic: Toward a multidisciplinary semantic glossary
Reilly, J. J., Shain, C., Borghesani, V., Kuhnke, P., Vigliocco, G., Peelle, J. E., Mahon, B. Z., Buxbaum, L. J., Majid, A., Brysbaert, M., et al. (2024) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-024-02556-7 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationHu, J., Small, H., Kean, H., Takahashi, A., Zekelman, L., Kleinman, D., Ryan, E., Nieto-Castañón, A., Ferreira, V., & Fedorenko, E. (2023) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhac350 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationNo evidence for differences among language regions in their temporal receptive windows
Blank, I., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116925 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationLanguage in Brains, Minds, and Machines
Tuckute, G., Kanwisher, N., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2024) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-120623-101142 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, X., Affourtit, J., Ryskin, R., Regev, T. I., Norman-Haignere, S., Jouravlev, O., Malik-Moraleda, S., Kean, H., Varley, R., & Fedorenko, E. (2023) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhad087 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationEvent Knowledge in Large Language Models: The Gap Between the Impossible and the Unlikely
Kauf, C., Ivanova, A. A., Rambelli, G., Chersoni, E., She, J. S., Chowdhury, Z., Fedorenko, E. G., & Lenci, A. (2023) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/cogs.13386 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationDistributed Sensitivity to Syntax and Semantics throughout the Language Network
Shain, C., Kean, H., Casto, C., Lipkin, B., Affourtit, J., Siegelman, M., Mollica, F., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2024) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_02164 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationThe evolutionary origins of syntax: Event cognition in nonhuman primates
Wilson, V. A. D., Zuberbühler, K., & Bickel, B. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abn8464 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The spatiotemporal dynamics of semantic integration in the human brain
Murphy, E., Forseth, K. J., Donos, C., Snyder, K. M., Rollo, P. S., & Tandon, N. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-42087-8 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Chen, X. J., Affourtit, J., Ryskin, R. A., Regev, T. I., Norman-Haignere, S., Jouravlev, O., Malik-Moraleda, S., Kean, H., Varley, R. A., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.06.01.446439 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationPaunov, A. M., Blank, I., Jouravlev, O., Mineroff, Z., Gallée, J., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2022) · Neurobiology of Language · doi:10.1162/nol_a_00071 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural populations in the language network differ in the size of their temporal receptive windows
Regev, T. I., Casto, C., Hosseini, E. A., Adamek, M., Ritaccio, A. L., Willie, J. T., Brunner, P., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2024) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-024-01944-2 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Agent Preference in Visual Event Apprehension
Isasi-Isasmendi, A., Andrews, C., Flecken, M., Laka, I., Daum, M. M., Meyer, M. E., Bickel, B., & Sauppe, S. (2023) · Open Mind · doi:10.1162/opmi_a_00083 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
MacGregor, L. J., Gilbert, R. A., Balewski, Z. Z., Mitchell, D. J., Erzinçlioğlu, S., Rodd, J. M., Duncan, J., Fedorenko, E. G., & Davis, M. H. (2022) · Neurobiology of Language · doi:10.1162/nol_a_00081 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationCan Construction Grammar Be Proven Wrong?
Cappelle, B. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009343213 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
High-level language brain regions process sublexical regularities
Regev, T. I., Kim, H. S., Chen, X. J., Affourtit, J., Schipper, A. E., Bergen, L., Mahowald, K., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2024) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhae077 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationThe cerebellar components of the human language network
Casto, C., Poliak, M., Tuckute, G., Small, H., Sherlock, P., Wolna, A., Lipkin, B., D’Mello, A. M., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2026) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2025.12.030 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationBehavioral correlates of cortical semantic representations modeled by word vectors
Nishida, S., Blanc, A., Maeda, N., Kado, M., & Nishimoto, S. (2021) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009138 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Driving and suppressing the human language network using large language modelsPreprint
Tuckute, G., Sathe, A., Srikant, S., Taliaferro, M., Wang, M., Schrimpf, M., Kay, K., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.04.16.537080 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat We Mean When We Say Semantic: A multidiscilpinary semantic glossaryPreprint
Reilly, J. J., Shain, C., Borghesani, V., Kuhnke, P., Vigliocco, G., Peelle, J. E., Mahon, B. Z., Buxbaum, L. J., Majid, A., Brysbaert, M., et al. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/xrnb2 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Language Network Reliably “Tracks” Naturalistic Meaningful Nonverbal Stimuli
Sueoka, Y., Paunov, A. M., Ivanova, A. A., Tanner, A., Blank, I., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2024) · Neurobiology of Language · doi:10.1162/nol_a_00135 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationWolna, A., Szewczyk, J., Diaz, M. T., Domagalik, A., Marcin Szwed, A., & Wodniecka, Z. (2023) · Neurobiology of Language · doi:10.1162/nol_a_00128 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Constructed languages are processed by the same brain mechanisms as natural languages
Malik-Moraleda, S., Taliaferro, M., Shannon, S., Jhingan, N., Swords, S., Peterson, D. J., Frommer, P., Okrand, M., Peterson, J., Cardwell, R. L., et al. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2313473122 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationSemantic language decoding across participants and stimulus modalities
Tang, J., & Huth, A. G. (2025) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.024 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The language network is not engaged in object categorization
Benn, Y., Ivanova, A. A., Clark, O., Mineroff, Z., Seikus, C., Silva, J. S., Varley, R., & Fedorenko, E. (2023) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhad289 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationMind captioning: Evolving descriptive text of mental content from human brain activity
Horikawa, T. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adw1464 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Graded sensitivity to structure and meaning throughout the human language networkPreprint
Shain, C., Kean, H., Casto, C., Lipkin, B., Affourtit, J., Siegelman, M., Mollica, F., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.11.12.467812 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationAuditory areas are recruited for naturalistic visual meaning in early deaf people
Zimmermann, M., Cusack, R., Bedny, M., & Marcin Szwed, A. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-52383-6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
A new argument for linguistic determinants of human thought
Hinzen, W., Martin, T., & Wiltschko, M. E. (2024) · Linguistics and Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10988-024-09414-8 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
High-level language brain regions are sensitive to sub-lexical regularitiesPreprint
Regev, T. I., Affourtit, J., Chen, X. J., Schipper, A. E., Bergen, L., Mahowald, K., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.06.11.447786 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationSpeech pauses in speakers with and without aphasia: A usage-based approach
Bello-Lepe, S., Mahmood, S., Varley, R. A., & Zimmerer, V. C. (2024) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2024.06.012 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationBranzi, F. M., Martin, C. D., & Biau, E. (2022) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhac499 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Electrophysiological hallmarks for event relations and event roles in working memory
Yu, X., Li, J., Zhu, H., Tian, X., & Lau, E. F. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1282869 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Sniffing out meaning: Chemosensory and semantic neural network changes in sommeliers
Carreiras, M., Quiñones, I., Chen, H. A., Vázquez‐Araújo, L., Small, D. M., & Frost, R. (2024) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.26564 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A general theory of consciousness II: The language problem
Peper, A. (2022) · Communicative & Integrative Biology · doi:10.1080/19420889.2022.2101194 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Linguistic inputs must be syntactically parsable to fully engage the language networkPreprint
Kauf, C., Kim, H. S., Lee, E. J., Jhingan, N., She, J. S., Taliaferro, M., Gibson, E. A. F., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.06.21.599332 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationTime course of EEG complexity reflects attentional engagement during listening to speech in noise
Eqlimi, E., Bockstael, A., Schönwiesner, M., Talsma, D., & Botteldooren, D. B. (2023) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.16159 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Evidence for a compensatory relationship between left- and right-lateralized brain networks
Peterson, M., Braga, R. M., Floris, D. L., & Nielsen, J. A. (2025) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag_a_00437 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A 3.5-minute-long reading-based fMRI localizer for the language network
Tuckute, G., Lee, E. J., Sathe, A., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2026) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag.a.1246 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationde Varda, A. G., Malik-Moraleda, S., Tuckute, G., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.02.01.636044 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationSemantic reasoning takes place largely outside the language networkPreprint
Ivanova, A. A., Kauf, C., Gao, R., She, J. S., Kean, H., Goldhaber, T., Nieto-Castañón, A., Varley, R. A., Kanwisher, N., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.07.692873 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationAn Emergentist Account of Language in the Brain—Seeking Neural Synergies Behind Human Uniqueness
Bourguignon, N. J., & Bue, S. L. (2025) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_02331 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zimmerer, V. C., Tsoukala, A., Çokal, D., Sevilla, G., Douglas, M., Jones, W., Ferrier, I. N., Turkington, D., Watson, S., Varley, R. A., et al. (2025) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.006 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationThe language network responds robustly to sentences across tasks
Gao, R., Cheung, C., Siegelman, M., Pongos, A. L. A., Kean, H., Tanner, A., Fedorenko, E. G., & Ivanova, A. A. (2026) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag.a.1283 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationBillot, A., Jhingan, N., Varkanitsa, M., Wolna, A., Shain, C., Blank, I., Ryskin, R. A., Kiran, S., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-76598-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationElectrophysiological connectivity of logical deduction: Early cortical MEG study
Antón‐Toro, L. F., Salto, F., Hernández, C. R., & Maestú, F. (2023) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2023.06.004 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Understanding the human language processor
Hunter, P. (2020) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.15252/embr.202052028 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The language network responds robustly to sentences across diverse tasksPreprint
Gao, R., Cheung, C. C., Siegelman, M., Pongos, A. L. A., Kean, H., Tanner, A., Fedorenko, E. G., & Ivanova, A. A. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.02.691902 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationFehner, W., Fogarty, M., Tang, J., Wilhelm, D., Bajracharya, A., Markow, Z. E., Hines, A., Trobaugh, J. W., Huth, A. G., & Culver, J. P. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.03.692158 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ricchetti, G., Drozdowska, B. A., Laverick, R., Chua, W., Jean-Baptiste, E. M. D., Wing, A. M., Funes, M. J., & Rotshtein, P. (2024) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/j64e7
Everett, D. L. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197548561.013.20
Asymmetric representation of symmetric semantic information in the human brain
Wang, J.-X., Kawahata, K., Blanc, A., Maeda, N., Nishimoto, S., & Nishida, S. (2025) · Neuroimage: Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ynirp.2025.100243
Do Language Models Know Who Did What to Whom?
Denning, J. M., Guo, X., Snefjella, B., & Blank, I. (2026) · Open Mind · doi:10.1162/opmi.a.365 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Distinctive Functionality of Semantic Hubs: Evidence from Semantic DementiaPreprint
Cui, Z., Liu, D., Dai, Z., Zhang, X., Zeng, J., Guo, Q., Zaizhu Han, A., & Huang, L. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.06.686766
Kang, K., Yang, M., Cai, Y., Chen, L., & Zhang, H. (2026) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2026.03.004
Decoding concept representations in aphasia after strokePreprint
Tang, J., Millanski, C., Chen, A., Wauters, L., Anders, J., Shamapant, S., Wilson, S. M., Huth, A. G., & Henry, M. L. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.04.07.717076
Neural Coding of Multiple Linguistic Components During Reading Comprehension Across Development
Chen, J., Feng, X., Zhang, J. I.-X., Tang, C., Liu, L., Fan, S., Zhao, N., Lei, Y., Yang, X., Meng, X., et al. (2026) · Neurobiology of Language · doi:10.1162/nol.a.286
Language-derived mental object load suppresses posterior alpha power
Yu, X., Türk, U., Dods, A., Tian, X., & Lau, E. F. (2026) · Journal of Neurolinguistics · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroling.2026.101383
How do Construction Grammar and Dependency Grammar fit together?
Hilpert, M. (2026) · Constructions and Frames · doi:10.1075/cf.26016.hil
- Authors
- Ivanova, A. A., Mineroff, Z., Zimmerer, V., Kanwisher, N., Varley, R., & Fedorenko, E.
- Affiliations
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research (US)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Ivanova, Anna A.
- Fedorenko, Evelina
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neurobiology of Language
- Publisher
- MIT Press
- Published
- 2021
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 176-201
- ISSN
- 2641-4368 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10158592
- OpenAlex
- W3118907996
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 182
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 5.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neurobiology of Language (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R00-HD057522, R01-DC016607, R01-DC016950)
- Simons Foundation
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Arts and Humanities Research Council
- Alzheimer’s Society
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- language network, event semantics, global aphasia, sentence comprehension
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
