Cited by 240Cancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersViral Infections and Immunology ResearchChemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and mitigation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 181 of the 181 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated myocarditis: manifestations and mechanisms

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Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment of various cancers, including malignancies once considered untreatable. These agents, however, are associated with inflammation and tissue damage in multiple organs. Myocarditis has emerged as a serious ICI-associated toxicity, because, while seemingly infrequent, it is often fulminant and lethal. The underlying basis of ICI-associated myocarditis is not completely understood. While the importance of T cells is clear, the inciting antigens, why they are recognized, and the mechanisms leading to cardiac cell injury remain poorly characterized. These issues underscore the need for basic and clinical studies to define pathogenesis, identify predictive biomarkers, improve diagnostic strategies, and develop effective treatments. An improved understanding of ICI-associated myocarditis will provide insights into the equilibrium between the immune and cardiovascular systems.

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Metadata

Authors
Moslehi, J., Lichtman, A. H., Sharpe, A. H., Galluzzi, L., & Kitsis, R. N.
Affiliations
  • Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
  • Université Paris Cité (FR)
  • Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
Venue
Journal of Clinical Investigation
Published
2021-03-01
Volume
131
Issue
5
ISSN
  • 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
  • 1558-8238
OpenAlex
W3134997217
Cited by
237
References
181
Citations by year
2026: 60 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 13
FWCI
3.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Defense (PR191593)
  • American Heart Association (18SRG34280018)
  • Vanderbilt University
  • Vanderbilt University Medical Center
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL131862, R01HL130861, R01HL141466, R01HL138475)
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (P01AI056299, P01AI039671)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Immunology Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and mitigation
Keywords
immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune-related adverse events, T cell-mediated inflammation, predictive biomarkers, diagnostic approach, cancer immunotherapy toxicity
MeSH terms
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Humans, Myocarditis, Biomarkers

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