Implicit self-esteem compensation: Automatic threat defense
Abstract
Four experiments demonstrated implicit self-esteem compensation (ISEC) in response to threats involving gender identity (Experiment 1), implicit racism (Experiment 2), and social rejection (Experiments 3-4). Under conditions in which people might be expected to suffer a blow to self-worth, they instead showed high scores on 2 implicit self-esteem measures. There was no comparable effect on explicit self-esteem. However, ISEC was eliminated following self-affirmation (Experiment 3). Furthermore, threat manipulations increased automatic intergroup bias, but ISEC mediated these relationships (Experiments 2-3). Thus, a process that serves as damage control for the self may have negative social consequences. Finally, pretest anxiety mediated the relationship between threat and ISEC (Experiment 3), whereas ISEC negatively predicted anxiety among high-threat participants (Experiment 4), suggesting that ISEC may function to regulate anxiety. The implications of these findings for automatic emotion regulation, intergroup bias, and implicit self-esteem measures are discussed.
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"I Love Me ... I Love Me Not:" Implicit Self-Esteem, Explicit Self-Esteem, and Defensiveness
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Affect as a mediator of attributional egotism
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Wulf, G., & Lewthwaite, R. (2016) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-015-0999-9 · Cited by 1,238 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of procedures to change implicit measures
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Precarious Manhood and Displays of Physical Aggression
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The effect of priming gender roles on women's implicit gender beliefs and career aspirations
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Self-citationAutomatic emotion regulation after social exclusion: Tuning to positivity.
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Development of self-protective biases in response to social evaluative feedback
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More than meets the eye: The influence of implicit and explicit self‐esteem on materialism
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The self: Your own worst enemy? A test of the self-invoking trigger hypothesis
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Can Ability Conceptualizations Alter the Impact of Social Comparison in Motor Learning?
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- Authors
- Rudman, L. A., Dohn, M. C., & Fairchild, K.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 798-813
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2162259929
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 31.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (BCS-0109997; BCS-0417335)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- self-esteem, threats, self-affirmation, intergroup bias, implicit racism, gender identity, social rejection, anxiety, emotion regulation
- MeSH terms
- Defense Mechanisms, Female, Humans, Male, Prejudice, Self Concept, Sex Factors, Social Change, United States
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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