Cited by 141Gender Diversity and InequalitySocial and Intergroup PsychologyCareer Development and Diversity

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Female Leaders: Injurious or Inspiring Role Models for Women?

Hoyt, Crystal L., Simon, Stefanie·2011·Psychology of Women Quarterly

DOI 10.1177/0361684310385216

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Abstract

The impact of female role models on women’s leadership aspirations and self-perceptions after a leadership task were assessed across two laboratory studies. These studies tested the prediction that upward social comparisons to high-level female leaders will have a relatively detrimental impact on women’s self-perceptions and leadership aspirations compared to male and less elite female leaders. In Study 1 ( N = 60), women were presented with both female and male leaders before serving as leaders of ostensible three-person groups in an immersive virtual environment. This study established the relatively deflating impact of high-level female leaders, compared to high-level male leaders and the control condition, on participants' self-perceptions. Using a similar methodology, Study 2 ( N = 57) further demonstrated that the impact of elite female leaders on participants' self-perceptions in turn adversely affected their leadership aspirations. This study also showed more positive responses to nonelite female leaders with whom participants more strongly identify and who increase counterstereotypic thinking. Taken together, these studies point to a potential dark side of elite female leaders as role models in a domain where individuals are possible targets of a negative stereotype. However, they also point to the relatively more beneficial impact of female role models who disconfirm the negative stereotype.

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Authors: Hoyt, C. L., & Simon, S.
Affiliations: University of Richmond (US)
Tulane University (US)
Corresponding author: Hoyt, Crystal L.
ORCID: Hoyt, Crystal L.
Simon, Stefanie
Venue: Psychology of Women Quarterly
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2011-03
Volume: 35
Issue: 1
Pages: 143-157
ISSN: 0361-6843 (ISSN-L)
1471-6402
DOI: 10.1177/0361684310385216
OpenAlex: W2138789001
Cited by: 140
References: 56
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 12.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychology of Women Quarterly (publishedVersion)
Funders: Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues
Topics: Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Diversity and Inequality
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Career Development and Diversity
Keywords: female role models, women in leadership, leadership aspirations, self-perception, upward social comparison, gender stereotypes, leader identification

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Female Leaders: Injurious or Inspiring Role Models for Women?

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