The DOI matches its Crossref record; 77 of the 77 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 72 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders
Open accessAbstract
Mindfulness involves nonjudgmental attention to present-moment experience. In its therapeutic forms, mindfulness interventions promote increased tolerance of negative affect and improved well-being. However, the neural mechanisms underlying mindful mood regulation are poorly understood. Mindfulness training appears to enhance focused attention, supported by the anterior cingulate cortex and the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). In emotion regulation, these PFC changes promote the stable recruitment of a nonconceptual sensory pathway, an alternative to conventional attempts to cognitively reappraise negative emotion. In neural terms, the transition to nonconceptual awareness involves reducing evaluative processing, supported by midline structures of the PFC. Instead, attentional resources are directed toward a limbic pathway for present-moment sensory awareness, involving the thalamus, insula, and primary sensory regions. In patients with affective disorders, mindfulness training provides an alternative to cognitive efforts to control negative emotion, instead directing attention toward the transitory nature of momentary experience. Limiting cognitive elaboration in favour of momentary awareness appears to reduce automatic negative self-evaluation, increase tolerance for negative affect and pain, and help to engender self-compassion and empathy in people with chronic dysphoria.
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49 Not checked yet · 35 Own interpretation
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In community samples, MBSR has been associated with decreased activation of these cortical midline structures (Goldin et al., 2009; Farb et al., 2010)”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Goldin et al., 2009
- Not checked yetcites Farb et al., 2010
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In comparisons of concentrative meditation against active control conditions such as simple arithmetic (Holzel et al., 2007), or visual object discrimination (Baron Short et al., 2007), meditation increases recruitment of the anterior cingulate”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Holzel et al., 2007
- Not checked yetcites Baron Short et al., 2007
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“and efforts to mindfully attend to experience can reduce cortical midline activity even in untrained individuals (Farb et al., 2007).”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Farb et al., 2007
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In mood disorders however, this cognitive control appears to be impaired, as evidenced by compromised connectivity between the PFC and limbic regions such as the amygdala (Johnstone et al., 2007; Ressler & Mayberg, 2007).”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > A Neural Account of Emotion Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Johnstone et al., 2007
- Not checked yetcites Ressler & Mayberg, 2007
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Mindfulness training appears to help reduce cognitive rumination (Ramel et al., 2004)”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Ramel et al., 2004
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“effortful down-regulation of sadness is perceived as more difficult by patients with a mood disorder (Keightley et al., 2003)”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > A Neural Account of Emotion Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Keightley et al., 2003
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“for whom self-compassion seems like a worthwhile but unachievable strategy (Pauley & McPherson, 2010).”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > A Neural Account of Emotion Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pauley & McPherson, 2010
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Across several studies, participants showed increased lateral PFC activity when prompted to mindfully respond to emotionally provocative stimuli (Davidson et al., 2003; Farb et al., 2007).”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Davidson et al., 2003
- Not checked yetcites Farb et al., 2007
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
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In the paper
“In repeated studies, compassion and empathy appear to activate the affective components of pain perception, namely the anterior cingulate and anterior insula (Carr et al., 2003; Singer et al., 2004).”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Clinical Implications > Cultivation of Empathy/Compassion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Carr et al., 2003
- Not checked yetcites Singer et al., 2004
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Baerensten et al. (2010) found that meditation introduced a pattern of brain connectivity recruiting auditory, thalamic, limbic and insular cortices, potentially constituting an up-regulated sensory network”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Baerensten et al. (2010)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 8
- It may state two separate claims as one. 36
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Over the past 30 years, numerous patients have benefited from mindfulness-based group interventions (Baer 2003; Ospina et al., 2007)”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Baer 2003
- Not checked yetcites Ospina et al., 2007
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Recent clinical studies have validated the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The midline PFC appears to be recruited in response to negative mood induction (Farb et al., 2010), reading self-referential trait words (Farb et al., 2007) and exposure to negative-self beliefs (Goldin et al., 2010).”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Farb et al., 2010
- Not checked yetcites Farb et al., 2007
- Not checked yetcites Goldin et al., 2010
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Encouragingly, short term mindfulness interventions appear to increase the ability to notice changes in the sensory field and refocus attention appropriately (Jha et al., 2007).”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Jha et al., 2007
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Several other studies have observed more extensive reductions in cortical activity during meditation (Lou et al., 1999, Lazar et al., 2000, Baerensten et al., 2010, Ives-Deliperi 2011), an effect that appears to increase with greater meditation experience (Brefczynski-Lewis, 2007).”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Lou et al., 1999
- Not checked yetcites Lazar et al., 2000
- Not checked yetcites Baerensten et al., 2010
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Non-judgmental attention appears to allow for novel and emergent feelings of self-compassion, which can powerfully attenuate an individual’s negative response to unpleasant events (Leary et al., 2007).”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Clinical Implications > Cultivation of Empathy/Compassion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Leary et al., 2007
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In a congruent finding, patients with social anxiety disorder demonstrated a reduced amygdala response to a negative emotional challenge following MBSR, and reduced subjective sadness ratings when using the regulatory strategy of attending to their breath (Goldin et al. 2010).”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Clinical Implications > Reducing Automatic Affective Processing
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Goldin et al. 2010
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In keeping with this theory, meditation practice has been associated with increased activity among the limbic system, thalamus, and anterior cingulate cortex, linking sensory information to the cortex (Newberg et al., 2001; Brefczynski-Lewis et al., 2007).”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Newberg et al., 2001
- Not checked yetcites Brefczynski-Lewis et al., 2007
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A second study related MBSR training to greater connectivity within auditory and visual sensory networks, and during a listening task, greater PFC connectivity with auditory cortex and inhibition of visual cortex (Kilpatrick et al., 2011).”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kilpatrick et al., 2011
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“More abstract feelings of social compassion appear to activate a similar network, though social compassion is longer lasting and later activating than empathy for physical pain (Immordino-Yang et al., 2009).”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Clinical Implications > Cultivation of Empathy/Compassion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Immordino-Yang et al., 2009
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, a mindfulness intervention led to improved quality of life, depression, and fatigue scores in a Multiple Sclerosis population, but did not alter on ratings of physical symptoms such as lower and upper limb mobility (Grossman et al., 2010)”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Clinical Implications > Reducing Automatic Affective Processing
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Grossman et al., 2010
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Grey matter changes have been observed after as short a period as the 8-week MBSR training intervention, predicting increased hippocampal and posterior attention network volume (Holzel et al, 2011)”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Holzel et al, 2011
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Two recent studies of meditation’s effects on pain found reduction of cortical midline elaborative processing regions as well as increased activation of primary nocioceptive and sensory integration regions such as the insula and anterior cingulate (Zeidan, 2011; Grant, 2011).”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Clinical Implications > Altered Relationship to Pain
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Zeidan, 2011
- Not checked yetcites Grant, 2011
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In mood disorders, self-compassion is endorsed as a meaningful therapeutic construct by many patients, whose chief difficulty lies in finding a way to realize this compassionate state (Pauley & McPherson, 2010).”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Clinical Implications > Cultivation of Empathy/Compassion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pauley & McPherson, 2010
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Way et al. (2010) linked the trait measure of dispositional mindfulness to protective non-reactivity in the amygdala during rest and also in response to sadness challenge, whereas depressive trait measures predicted an opposite, activating response.”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Clinical Implications > Reducing Automatic Affective Processing
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Way et al. (2010)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Dispositional mindfulness predicted a greater magnitude of this limbic-frontal tradeoff, suggesting that mindful participants were better able to leverage prefrontal attention networks to reduce stimulus-driven emotional reactivity.”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Clinical Implications > Reducing Automatic Affective Processing
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Creswell et al., 2007
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A recent neuroimaging study linked self criticism to dorsal prefrontal regions such as the dorsolateral PFC and dorsal anterior cingulate, whereas self-reassurance was linked to activity in the ventrolateral PFC, temporal pole and insula (Longe et al., 2010).”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Clinical Implications > Cultivation of Empathy/Compassion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Longe et al., 2010
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In one recent study by our group (Farb et al., 2007), the engagement of open, present-moment attention was associated with reductions in midline cortical activation but demonstrated novel activation of a right-lateralized network that was primarily characterized by sensory representations in the insula and secondary somatosensory cortices.”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Farb et al., 2007
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“When emotional information was consciously attended, the emotional faces evoked less of an amygdala response and engaged greater prefrontal cortical resources.”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Clinical Implications > Reducing Automatic Affective Processing
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Creswell et al., 2007
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Mood disorders, however, are broadly characterized by a failure to adaptively regulate emotion, due to heightened negative reactivity and increased self-focus (Clark et al., 1994).”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Clark et al., 1994
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“it is distinct from many forms of meditation in that it aims to broaden rather than focus attention, differing from purely concentrative practices that seek to sustain attention towards a single sensory object (Dunn et al., 1999; Lutz et al., 2008a).”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Dunn et al., 1999
- Not checked yetcites Lutz et al., 2008a
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Encouragingly, such sensory practices seem to activate distinct cortical regions from the dysfunctional prefrontal-limbic loop.”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since cognitive elaboration automatically triggers negative self-judgments that cannot be voluntarily overridden, mindfulness training attempts to correct automatic dysphoric evaluation through an attention to sensation rather than evaluation.”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An important clinical implication of these findings is that for patients with a mood disorder, instructions to cognitively regulate negative emotion may be maladaptive, as emotional information from the limbic system is not impacted by efforts to engage the prefrontal cortices.”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > A Neural Account of Emotion Regulation
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Instead, habitual dysphoric interpretations are recreated during attempts to reappraise negative emotion, leading to rumination, in which elaborating on negative affect ironically perpetuates dysphoric mood (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Watkins et al., 2008).”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > A Neural Account of Emotion Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000
- Not checked yetcites Watkins et al., 2008
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we argue that a model of mindful emotion regulation requires two processes that are distinct from reappraisal: 1) attention to present moment sensation, as distinct from delving into memory or cognitive elaboration, and 2) equanimity, the suspension of judging experience to be intrinsically good or bad.”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Normative strategies for emotion regulation are predicated on reappraising aversive events in a more positive, narrative based-context, or on behavioral strategies for the suppression of emotionally expressive behaviour (Goldin et al. 2008; Gross, 2002).”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Goldin et al. 2008
- Not checked yetcites Gross, 2002
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While mindfulness training influences transitory brain activity, it also appears to effect longer-term structural changes commensurate with the repeated activation of limbic and interoceptive cortices.”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These structural change data suggest that mindfulness training may be increasing the habitual capacity for encoding momentary experience while reducing the tendency to orient reflexively to emotionally arousing stimuli.”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, one important function of mindful attention may be the recruitment and integration of primary sensory cortices into prefrontal regions supporting conscious awareness, as well as refining such integration to prevent distraction from unintended distracting stimuli.”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suggesting that improvements were limited to subjective assessments of well-being rather than reducing patient awareness of physical symptoms.”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Clinical Implications > Reducing Automatic Affective Processing
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Of course, as has been articulated by Siegle (2007), mindfulness is more than simply engaging in this present-moment awareness; the rich forms of evaluation for empathetic, moral, and self-referential processing associated with prefrontal default mode activity are valid and important aspects of experience.”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Siegle (2007)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of course, some executive control is required to manipulate the focus of attention in mindful emotion regulation.”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Instead, attention is positively directed towards present moment sensation, providing a non-conceptual and non-threatening focus for attention that does not rely upon cortical midline activity.”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rather, by practicing the disengagement of habitual interpretative and evaluative responses during cognition, it may be possible to widen the scope of interpretation to form new meaning previously inhibited by a habitual way of seeing the world.”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“It should be noted that empathic concern is not purely a visceral and perceptual process articulated through limbic and inferior parietal regions respectively; more analytic approaches to taking on another’s perspective appear to also recruit cortical midline regions such as the medial PFC and posterior cingulate (Decety and Jackson, 2004).”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Clinical Implications > Cultivation of Empathy/Compassion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Decety and Jackson, 2004
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this fashion, automatic recruitment of temporally-extended, self-referential narrative generation may undergo a form of neural extinction, restoring autonomy to the central executive system and freeing it from its habitual applications”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mindfulness involves attending to contextual salience without concomitant recruitment of prefrontal evaluative processes, deploying attentional resources to recruit a network that limits habitual elaboration and self-referential narrative.”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interestingly, the connectivity and grey matter plasticity data tend to include more limbic than prefrontal cortical regions, again suggesting that prefrontal regions may not be the critical targets of mindfulness training, but rather the PFC is affected by the redeployment of cognitive resources to less-rehearsed sensory pathways.”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this fashion, mindful emotion regulation can be construed as a process of ‘turning toward’ momentary experience rather than an inhibition of cognition.”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“These lateral regions may support more detached, objective, interoceptive and somatic awareness (Craig, 2002) that may serve as the primitive sensory representations of the “self””
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Mindful Emotion Regulation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Craig, 2002
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus one long-term index of mindful emotion regulation is the reduction of salient threat detection in the face of emotional challenge, which may be useful in the assessment of treatment efficacy and patient vulnerability in behaviorally normalized cases.”
§ The Mindful Brain and Emotion Regulation in Mood Disorders > Clinical Implications > Reducing Automatic Affective Processing
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The neural mechanisms by which mindfulness improves mood regulation are not well understood.
“However, the neural mechanisms underlying mindful mood regulation are poorly understood.”
“our understanding of the mechanisms underlying adaptive affect regulation through the practice of mindfulness is still nascent.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Recent clinical studies have validated the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions.
“While recent clinical studies have validated the efficacy of these interventions”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Mindfulness meditation has been shown to be therapeutic in emotion regulation [1–5].”
From State and training effects of mindfulness meditation on brain networks reflect neuronal mechanisms of its antidepressant effect (2016) · cites this paper as [2]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Mindfulness training has shown promising impacts on emotion regulation [84, 85].”
From Mindfulness meditation and psychedelics: potential synergies and commonalities (2023) · cites this paper as [84]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Some emotional regulation strategies were significant markers of depression levels, like self-blame, other-blame, and acceptance (Farb and Segal, 2012).”
From Knowledge of COVID-19 and Its Influence on Mindfulness, Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Psychological Flexibility in the Indian Community (2020) · cites this paper as Farb and Segal, 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Dysfunctional top-down emotion regulation in psychiatric conditions such as MDD (Johnstone et al., 2007) might be related to dysfunctional forms of self-evaluative processes such as rumination and worry (Farb and Segal, 2012).”
From Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation: Insights from Neurobiological, Psychological, and Clinical Studies (2017) · cites this paper as Farb and Segal, 2012
In the citing paper
“In particular, it is stated that bottom-up emotion regulation strategies (like those implied in mindfulness) don't require PFC and top-down mechanisms (Chambers et al., 2009; Farb and Segal, 2012; Chiesa et al., 2013; Grecucci et al., 2015a).”
From Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation: Insights from Neurobiological, Psychological, and Clinical Studies (2017) · cites this paper as Farb and Segal, 2012
In the citing paper
“In the field of mindfulness and emotion regulation, one main claim is that mindfulness might elicit a particular type of emotion regulation strategy often called “mindful emotion regulation” that relies on bottom-up mechanisms, in contrast to cognitive reappraisal, which relies on a top-down mechanism.”
From Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation: Insights from Neurobiological, Psychological, and Clinical Studies (2017) · cites this paper as Farb and Segal, 2012
In the citing paper
“Generally, the common view across authors is that “mindful emotion regulation” is a somehow unique emotion regulation strategy, the result of encountering diverse emotional states from a mindful mental state, including awareness and acceptance (Chambers et al., 2009; Farb and Segal, 2012; Chiesa et al., 2013; Grecucci et al., 2015a).”
From Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation: Insights from Neurobiological, Psychological, and Clinical Studies (2017) · cites this paper as Farb and Segal, 2012
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Morgan, D. (2003) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1093/ptr/kpg004 · Cited by 106
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Opsina MB, 2007, Evid Rep Technol Assess, 155, 1
- Chambers CD, 2006, J Cogn Neurosci, 18, 444
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Fox, K. C. R., Nijeboer, S., Dixon, M. L., Floman, J. L., Ellamil, M., Rumak, S. P., Sedlmeier, P., & Christoff, K. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.016 · Cited by 804
Interoception, contemplative practice, and health
Farb, N., Daubenmier, J., Price, C. J., Gard, T., Kerr, C., Dunn, B. D., Klein, A. C., Paulus, M. P., & Mehling, W. E. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00763 · Cited by 650
Self-citationGuendelman, S., Medeiros, S., & Rampes, H. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00220 · Cited by 577
“From this viewpoint, and taking into account models of different emotion regulation brain systems and different emotion regulation strategies, the notion of “mindful emotion regulation” (Chambers et al., 2009; Farb and Segal, 2012; Chiesa et al., 2013; Grecucci et al., 2015a) seems to imply certain problematic aspects.”
BackgroundInfluentialTeper, R., Segal, Z. V., & Inzlicht, M. (2013) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721413495869 · Cited by 554
Self-citationvan der Velden, A. M., Kuyken, W., Wattar, U., Crane, C., Pallesen, K. J., Dahlgaard, J., Fjorback, L. O., & Piet, J. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.02.001 · Cited by 455
Metadata
- Authors
- Farb, N. A. S., Anderson, A. K., & Segal, Z. V.
- Affiliations
- Rotman Research Institute (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Farb, Norman A S
- Venue
- The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-02
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 70-77
- ISSN
- 0706-7437 (ISSN-L)
- 1497-0015
- PMC
- PMC3303604
- OpenAlex
- W2184525448
- Cited by
- 366
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Health Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MT81164)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R34MH087723, R01MH066992, MH 087723)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- mindfulness, emotion regulation, mood disorders, neural mechanisms, anterior cingulate cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex, cognitive reappraisal, self-compassion, empathy, pain tolerance, insula, thalamus
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Awareness, Brain Mapping, Emotions, Empathy, Humans, Limbic System, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Prefrontal Cortex, Meditation, Mood Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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