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Sequential Priming Measures of Implicit Social Cognition: A Meta-Analysis of Associations With Behavior and Explicit Attitudes
Abstract
In a comprehensive meta-analysis of 167 studies, the authors found that sequential priming tasks were significantly associated with behavioral measures (r = .28) and with explicit attitude measures (r = .20). Priming tasks continued to predict behavior after controlling for the effects of explicit attitudes. These results generalized across a variety of study domains and methodological variations. Within-study moderator analyses revealed that priming tasks have good specificity, only predicting behavior and explicit measures under theoretically expected conditions. Together, these results indicate that sequential priming-one of the earliest methods of investigating implicit social cognition--continues to be a valid tool for the psychological scientist.
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“participants showed high accuracy in predicting their IAT scores although self-reported evaluations on direct measures showed the same small correlations with IAT scores found in prior research (for meta-analyses, see Cameron et al. 2012, Hofmann et al. 2005).”
From Unawareness of Attitudes, Their Environmental Causes, and Their Behavioral Effects (2025) · cites this paper as Cameron et al. 2012
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“In addition, 28 samples reported all three relationships—priming behavior, priming attitudes, and attitudes behavior—allowing us to examine whether implicit attitudes predicted behavior significantly better than explicit attitudes (Steiger, 1980).”
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“Sequential priming measures have been used to explore socially undesirable or inappropriate attitudes that might not ordinarily be expressed in self-reports (e.g., Fazio et al., 1995).”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hall, W. J., Chapman, M. V., Lee, K. M., Merino, Y. M., Thomas, T. W., Payne, B. K., Eng, E., Day, S. H., & Coyne-Beasley, T. (2015) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2015.302903 · Cited by 2,176
“Meta-analytic data suggest that sequential priming measures show evidence of validity similar to that of the IAT.43”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationA meta-analysis of procedures to change implicit measures
Forscher, P. S., Lai, C. K., Axt, J. R., Ebersole, C. R., Herman, M., Devine, P. G., & Nosek, B. A. (2019) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspa0000160 · Cited by 700
“conservatives), and when people perceive that their opinions about the concepts are distinct from the opinions of others (Cameron et al., 2012; Greenwald et al., 2009; Hofmann et al., 2005; Nosek, 2005).”
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Sabin, J., Riskind, R. G., & Nosek, B. A. (2015) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2015.302631 · Cited by 400
“Meta-analyses of implicit attitude measures show that they predict a variety of behaviors, including discrimination.(29,30) For example, providers who have strong implicit attitudes that favor White Americans over African Americans tend to provide less patient-centered clinic visits and are less likely to prescribe ap…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Cameron, C. D., Brown-Iannuzzi, J. L., & Payne, B. K.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-04-05
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 330-350
- ISSN
- 1088-8683 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7957
- OpenAlex
- W2118525092
- Cited by
- 352
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 63.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Social Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychology of Social Influence
- Keywords
- sequential priming, implicit social cognition, implicit attitudes, explicit attitudes, behavior prediction, moderator analysis
- MeSH terms
- Attitude, Cognition, Humans, Models, Psychological, Social Behavior, Repetition Priming
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