Effect of Protein or Essential Amino Acid Supplementation During Prolonged Resistance Exercise Training in Older Adults on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Physical Performance Parameters: A Systematic Review
Open accessAbstract
Objectives: Loss of muscle mass and strength with aging, sarcopenia, burdens many older adults, making identification of strategies on how to counteract it very relevant—especially to health care providers working in rehabilitation. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effect of protein or essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation during prolonged resistance exercise training (RT) in older adults. No known stimulants of muscle protein synthesis, or ingredients with an effect on muscle strength/physical function, were allowed with the supplementation, differentiating this systematic review from others. Data sources and methods: In January 2017, 4 electronic databases and reference lists were searched for randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of protein or EAA supplementation during RT in older adults (mean age >60 years) on outcomes of body composition, muscle strength, and physical performance. Study selection and data extraction were performed by 2 independent reviewers. Results Sixteen studies (1107 participants) fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Methodologic differences between the studies disallowed a meta-analysis. Of the 16 studies, 6 found significant effects on body composition (3 studies), muscle strength (3 studies), and physical performance (2 studies) measures. Conclusions The evidence is weak and inconsistent, as benefit of protein or EAA supplementation during RT in older adults is only shown in some studies. The findings indicate that frail/sarcopenic older adults might benefit more than healthy older adults. Further research is needed to allow an interpretation on the importance of study population and design. Trial registration: PROSPERO, Reg. no.: CRD42017063808. Registered April 14, 2017.
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Individuals with sarcopenia or frailty may experience greater benefits in physical performance in response to PS + MSE than their healthy peers.
“Different populations may explain the inconsistency between the results of previous reviews and the findings in the present meta-analysis, which further confirm the conclusion of previous authors indicating that individuals with sarcopenia or frailty may experience greater benefits in muscle mass gain and physical performance in response to PS + MSE than their healthy peers [15,70].”
Individuals with sarcopenia or frailty may experience greater benefits in muscle mass gain in response to PS + MSE than their healthy peers.
“Different populations may explain the inconsistency between the results of previous reviews and the findings in the present meta-analysis, which further confirm the conclusion of previous authors indicating that individuals with sarcopenia or frailty may experience greater benefits in muscle mass gain and physical performance in response to PS + MSE than their healthy peers [15,70].”
Frail individuals may have greater benefits in body composition and physical performance in response to PS plus exercise training than their healthy peers.
“which further confirm the conclusion of previous authors that frail individuals may have greater benefits in body composition and physical performance in response to PS plus exercise training than their healthy peers [71,88]”
From Effects of Protein Supplementation Combined with Exercise Intervention on Frailty Indices, Body Composition, and Physical Function in Frail Older Adults (2018) · cites this paper as [88]
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- Authors
- Gade, J., Pedersen, R. J., & Beck, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Herlev Hospital (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Gade, Josephine
- Venue
- Rehabilitation Process and Outcome
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2018-01-01
- Volume
- 7
- ISSN
- 1179-5727 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2797013162
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 0.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Rehabilitation Process and Outcome (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- protein supplementation, essential amino acids, resistance training, older adults, sarcopenia, muscle strength, body composition, physical performance, frailty, muscle protein synthesis
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