The social deficits of the oxytocin knockout mouse
Abstract
Numerous studies have implicated oxytocin (OT) and oxytocin receptors in the central mediation of social cognition and social behavior. Much of our understanding of OT's central effects depends on pharmacological studies with OT agonists and antagonists. Recently, our knowledge of OT's effects has been extended by the development of oxytocin knockout (OTKO) mice. Mice with a null mutation of the OT gene manifest several interesting cognitive and behavioral changes, only some of which were predicted by pharmacological studies. Contrary to studies in rats, mice do not appear to require OT for normal sexual or maternal behavior, though OT is necessary for the milk ejection reflex during lactation. OTKO pups thrive if raised by a lactating female, but OTKO pups emit fewer ultrasonic vocalizations with maternal separation and OTKO adults are more aggressive than WT mice. Remarkably, OTKO mice fail to recognize familiar conspecifics after repeated social encounters, though olfactory and non-social memory functions appear to be intact. Central OT administration into the amygdala restores social recognition. The development of transgenic mice with specific deficits in social memory represents a promising approach to examine the cellular and neural systems of social cognition. These studies may provide valuable new perspectives on diseases characterized by social deficits, such as autism or reactive attachment disorder.
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Social behaviors have been explored in mice with mutations in candidate genes such as oxytocin, monoamine oxidase-A, fragile X and dishevelled-1.
“Social behaviors have been explored in mice with mutations in candidate genes such as oxytocin (Winslow & Insel 2002;Young et al. 2002), monoamine oxidase-A (Shih & Chen 1999), fragile X (Churchill et al. 2002;Mineur et al. 2002) and dishevelled-1 (Lijam et al. 1997).”
From Sociability and preference for social novelty in five inbred strains: an approach to assess autistic‐like behavior in mice (2004) · cites this paper as Winslow & Insel 2002
The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) has been strongly implicated in social behaviors including social recognition, social approach, pair bonding, paternal care and maternal behavior.
“The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) has been strongly implicated in social behaviors including social recognition, social approach, pair bonding, paternal care and maternal behavior (Lim et al, 2005;Sala et al, 2011;Winslow and Insel, 2002).”
From Chronic and acute intranasal oxytocin produce divergent social effects in mice (2014) · cites this paper as Winslow and Insel, 2002
The oxytocin system is important in mammalian social behaviors including social memory, recognition and attachment.
“The importance of the oxytocin system in mammalian social behaviors including social memory, recognition and attachment has been established using a variety of animal models since 1980s.”
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- Authors
- Winslow, J. T., & Insel, T. R.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- ORCID
- Insel, T.R.
- Venue
- Neuropeptides
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-04
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 221-229
- ISSN
- 0143-4179 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2082859469
- Cited by
- 307
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 17.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuropeptides (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- oxytocin, social behavior, social cognition, social recognition memory, amygdala, ultrasonic vocalizations, maternal separation, aggression, milk ejection reflex, autism spectrum disorder, reactive attachment disorder, social dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Brain Chemistry, Female, Male, Maternal Behavior, Oxytocin, Phenotype, Social Behavior, Tissue Distribution, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Rats
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