Mechanisms responsible for excess weight loss after bariatric surgery
Open accessAbstract
Obesity has increased alarmingly in the United States and is increasing in many countries of the world. Because obesity is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes and other chronic diseases, it is important to develop approaches to counter the rapid increase in adiposity. One approach is bariatric surgery, the most successful clinical intervention known for treating obesity. Surgery can result in impressive weight loss and improvement of obesity-related comorbidities. Yet the mechanisms responsible for this remarkable effect of surgery remain controversial. It is now clear that caloric restriction, per se, does not explain all the reduction in stored fat mass after surgery. A number of gastrointestinal hormones, including glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, peptide YY, oxyntomodulin, GLP-2, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, ghrelin, and others, can play roles in energy homeostasis and could be involved in bariatric-surgery-related weight loss and weight loss maintenance. Vagal innervation may play a role. In addition, there may be other yet-uncharacterized factors that could participate. This review discusses the possible roles of these hormonal mechanisms in various types of bariatric surgery to help elucidate some of the potential mechanisms at play in short-term and long-term post-bariatric surgery weight loss. Understanding such mechanisms could lead to new and efficacious means to control or even reduce the epidemic of obesity.
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Beneficial effects of bariatric surgery are not achieved through caloric restriction or malabsorption alone.
“While it is clear that beneficial effects of bariatric surgery are not achieved through caloric restriction or malabsorption alone [121, 122]”
From Bariatric surgery: remission of inflammation, cardiometabolic benefits, and common adverse effects (2020) · cites this paper as [121]
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McCoy, L. G., Brenna, C. T. A., Chen, S. S., Vold, K., & Das, S. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.11.001 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
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Protein- and Calcium-Mediated GLP-1 Secretion: A Narrative Review
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- Authors
- Ionut, V., & Bergman, R. N.
- Affiliations
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ionut, Viorica
- ORCID
- Bergman, Richard N.
- Venue
- Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-09
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1263-1282
- ISSN
- 1932-2968 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3208891
- OpenAlex
- W2123193625
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 181
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R37DK027619, R01DK029867, DK27619, DK29867)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Keywords
- bariatric surgery, weight loss mechanisms, obesity, gastrointestinal hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, oxyntomodulin, glucagon-like peptide-2, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, ghrelin, energy homeostasis, vagal innervation, weight loss maintenance, type 2 diabetes
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Hormones, Humans, Obesity, Weight Loss, Bariatric Surgery
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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