Genetically modified crops safety assessments: present limits and possible improvements
Open accessAbstract
We reviewed 19 studies of mammals fed with commercialized genetically modified soybean and maize which represent, per trait and plant, more than 80% of all environmental genetically modified organisms (GMOs) cultivated on a large scale, after they were modified to tolerate or produce a pesticide. We have also obtained the raw data of 90-day-long rat tests following court actions or official requests. The data obtained include biochemical blood and urine parameters of mammals eating GMOs with numerous organ weights and histopathology findings. We have thoroughly reviewed these tests from a statistical and a biological point of view. Some of these tests used controversial protocols which are discussed and statistically significant results that were considered as not being biologically meaningful by regulatory authorities, thus raising the question of their interpretations. Several convergent data appear to indicate liver and kidney problems as end points of GMO diet effects in the above-mentioned experiments. This was confirmed by our meta-analysis of all the in vivo studies published, which revealed that the kidneys were particularly affected, concentrating 43.5% of all disrupted parameters in males, whereas the liver was more specifically disrupted in females (30.8% of all disrupted parameters). The 90-day-long tests are insufficient to evaluate chronic toxicity, and the signs highlighted in the kidneys and livers could be the onset of chronic diseases. However, no minimal length for the tests is yet obligatory for any of the GMOs cultivated on a large scale, and this is socially unacceptable in terms of consumer health protection. We are suggesting that the studies should be improved and prolonged, as well as being made compulsory, and that the sexual hormones should be assessed too, and moreover, reproductive and multigenerational studies ought to be conducted too.
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Early signs of toxicity at month 3 in kidney and liver were also observed for 19 edible GM crops containing pesticide residues.
“Early signs of toxicity at month 3 in kidney and liver were also observed for 19 edible GM crops containing pesticide residues [1].”
From Republished study: long-term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerantgenetically modified maize (2014) · cites this paper as [1]
The first large detectable tumors occurred at 4 and 7 months into the study in males and females, respectively.
“The first large detectable tumors occurred at 4 and 7 months into the study in males and females, respectively, further underlining the inadequacy of the standard 90-day feeding trials for evaluating GM crop and food toxicity [1].”
From Republished study: long-term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerantgenetically modified maize (2014) · cites this paper as [1]
The first large detectable tumors at 4 and 7 months underline the inadequacy of standard 90-day feeding trials for evaluating GM crop and food toxicity.
“further underlining the inadequacy of the standard 90-day feeding trials for evaluating GM crop and food toxicity [1]”
From Republished study: long-term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerantgenetically modified maize (2014) · cites this paper as [1]
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- Authors
- Séralini, G.-E., Mesnage, R., Clair, E., Gress, S., de Vendômois, J. S., & Cellier, D.
- Affiliations
- Université de Caen Normandie (FR)
- Laboratoire d'Informatique, du Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes (FR)
- ORCID
- Mesnage, Robin
- Venue
- Environmental Sciences Europe
- Published
- 2011-03-01
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2190-4715 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2100102386
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 15.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Environmental Sciences Europe (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Région Normandie
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural safety and regulations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Keywords
- genetically modified crops, safety assessment, transgenic soybean, transgenic maize, chronic toxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, histopathology, test length, reproductive toxicity, endocrine disruption, pesticide tolerance
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