Mindfulness interventions for craving reduction in substance use disorders and behavioral addictions: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Open accessAbstract
Background: High-quality evidence is still required to affirm the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in craving reduction. MBIs may be particularly appropriate for this purpose given the neurobiological mechanisms of addiction with automatic behavior in response to the negative affect. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to study the efficacy of MBIs in craving reduction and to synthetize the newly published data. Methods: We searched four databases and three clinical trial registries for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to August 2023, including studies with MBIs in all types of substance use disorders or behavioral addictions. We chose as our outcome of interest the change from the baseline of craving measures at posttreatment. Standardized mean difference was used as an effect size estimator. Results: We included 17 RCTs with 1228 participants. The overall effect size was estimated at -0.70 (95% CI -1.15, -0.26) in favor of MBIs. Conclusion: Due to the high inconsistency ( I 2 = 92%), we were unable to conclude that there is a medium to large effect size. Overall risk of bias was high for most studies, and the GRADE approach detected a low quality of evidence. Previous clinical and fundamental research suggest that MBIs have a promising potential in addiction medicine. However, further investigation of whether MBIs effectively reduce craving is needed, and innovative solutions for resolving methodological limitations in MBI research are warranted. Trial registration: PROSPERO registration ID CRD42020221141.
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Meta-analyses indicate small-to-large effects of mindfulness interventions in reducing frequency and severity of substance use, intensity of drug craving and severity of experienced stress, and improving mental health.
“Meta-analyses of mindfulness intervention studies indicate small-to-large effects of mindfulness interventions in reducing frequency and severity of substance use, intensity of drug craving and severity of experienced stress, and improving mental health [22–24].”
From Mindful moms: acceptability and impact of co-designed and digitally delivered video meditations for pregnant and parenting women with opioid use disorder (2025) · cites this paper as [22]
The Results section (‘Effect of mindfulness interventions on craving’; page not provided) reports a medium-to-large effect on craving reduction (Cohen’s d = −0.70), supporting the drug-craving part of the sentence. This meta-analysis does not establish the claimed effects on substance-use frequency or severity, experienced stress, or mental health; its Discussion also cautions that high inconsistency makes the craving result difficult to interpret. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA sub-group analysis from a recent meta-analysis reported a moderate effect size (Cohen's d of −0.59) for MBRP in reducing cravings.
“A sub‐group analysis from a recent meta‐analysis reported a moderate effect size (Cohen's d of −0.59) for MBRP in reducing cravings [23].”
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- Authors
- Demina, A., Petit, B., Meille, V., & Trojak, B.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- CHU Dijon Bourgogne (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Demina, Anastasia
- Venue
- BMC Neuroscience
- Published
- 2023-10-18
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 55-55
- ISSN
- 1471-2202 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10583418
- OpenAlex
- W4387739422
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3
- FWCI
- 1.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based interventions, craving reduction, substance use disorders, behavioral addiction, addiction treatment, negative affect, automatism, treatment efficacy
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Behavior, Addictive, Substance-Related Disorders, Mindfulness, Craving
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