Human evolution: the non-coding revolution
Open accessAbstract
What made us human? Gene expression changes clearly played a significant part in human evolution, but pinpointing the causal regulatory mutations is hard. Comparative genomics enabled the identification of human accelerated regions (HARs) and other human-specific genome sequences. The major challenge in the past decade has been to link diverged sequences to uniquely human biology. This review discusses approaches to this problem, progress made at the molecular level, and prospects for moving towards genetic causes for uniquely human biology.
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Cook, E. C. L., Nelson, J. K., Sorrentino, V., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172721 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Genomic approaches to studying human-specific developmental traits
Franchini, L. F., & Pollard, K. S. (2015) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.120048 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationTargeted Capture and High-Throughput Sequencing Using Molecular Inversion Probes (MIPs)
Cantsilieris, S., Stessman, H. A. F., Shendure, J., et al. (2016) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6442-0_6 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Can a few non‐coding mutations make a human brain?
Franchini, L. F., & Pollard, K. S. (2015) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.201500049 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationNoncoding Sequences Near Duplicated Genes Evolve Rapidly
Kostka, D., Hahn, M. W., & Pollard, K. S. (2010) · Genome Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/gbe/evq037 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationCis-regulatory landscapes in development and evolution
Maeso, I., Acemel, R. D., & Gómez-Skármeta, J. L. (2016) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2016.10.004 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Beyond the ENCODE project: using genomics and epigenomics strategies to study enhancer evolution
Sakabe, N. J., & Nóbrega, M. A. (2013) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0022 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Human Evolution: Enhancing the Brain
Enard, W. (2015) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.03.031 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [6]Nuttall Blood immunity and blood relationships 1904 Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rewiring of human neurodevelopmental gene regulatory programs by human accelerated regions
Girskis, K. M., Stergachis, A. B., DeGennaro, E. M., Doan, R. N., Qian, X., Johnson, M. B., Wang, P. P., Sejourne, G. M., Nagy, M. A., Pollina, E. A., et al. (2021) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.005 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Three-dimensional genome rewiring in loci with human accelerated regions
Keough, K. C., Whalen, S., Inoue, F., Przytycki, P. F., Fair, T., Deng, C., Steyert, M., Ryu, H., Lindblad-Toh, K., Karlsson, E., et al. (2023) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abm1696 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationSchmidt, E. R. E., Kupferman, J. V., Stackmann, M., & Polleux, F. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54887-4 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Denisovan introgression has shaped the immune system of present-day Papuans
Vespasiani, D. M., Jacobs, G. S., Cook, L. E., Brucato, N., Leavesley, M., Kinipi, C., Ricaut, F.-X., Cox, M. P., & Gallego Romero, I. (2022) · PLOS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1010470 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Second, and more challenging, most of these alleles lie within non-coding sequences where, despite their acknowledged contributions to human evolutionary history [20,21], an understanding of their actual biological functions remains elusive.”
Consequences of trisomy 21 for brain development in Down syndrome
Russo, M. L., Sousa, A. M. M., & Bhattacharyya, A. (2024) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-024-00866-2 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Comparison of the genomes of humans and model organisms has revealed subtle differences in gene sequences, the presence of human specific genes and other differences that probably contribute to gene regulation 163–166 .”
Caporale, A. L., Cinalli, A. R., Rubinstein, M., & Franchini, L. F. (2024) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msae186 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“However, up to date, only a few examples of gene regulatory changes underlying human brain evolution have been investigated in detail (Franchini and Pollard 2015a, 2015b, 2017; Liu et al. 2021; Whalen and Pollard 2022).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
- Authors
- Franchini, L. F., & Pollard, K. S.
- Affiliations
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (AR)
- Gladstone Institutes (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pollard, Katherine S.
- Venue
- BMC Biology
- Published
- 2017-10-02
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 89-89
- ISSN
- 1741-7007 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5625771
- OpenAlex
- W2758033077
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 0.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- BMC Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- Gladstone Institutes
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Keywords
- human evolution, non-coding DNA, gene expression regulation, human accelerated regions, regulatory mutations, comparative genomics, molecular evolution
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Genome, Human, Evolution, Molecular, Genomics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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