Resistance training to improve type 2 diabetes: working toward a prescription for the future
Open accessAbstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing, and effective strategies to manage and prevent this disease are urgently needed. Resistance training (RT) promotes health benefits through increased skeletal muscle mass and qualitative adaptations, such as enhanced glucose transport and mitochondrial oxidative capacity. In particular, mitochondrial adaptations triggered by RT provide evidence for this type of exercise as a feasible lifestyle recommendation to combat T2D, a disease typically characterized by altered muscle mitochondrial function. Recently, the synergistic and antagonistic effects of combined training and Metformin use have come into question and warrant more in-depth prospective investigations. In the future, clinical intervention studies should elucidate the mechanisms driving RT-mitigated mitochondrial adaptations in muscle and their link to improvements in glycemic control, cholesterol metabolism and other cardiovascular disease risk factors in individuals with T2D.
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Resistance exercise training has been found to have major metabolic health benefits, such as enhanced insulin sensitivity and better glucose management, which are vital for controlling and avoiding type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders.
“Resistance exercise training has also been found to have major metabolic health benefits, such as enhanced insulin sensitivity and better glucose management, which are vital for controlling and avoiding type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders [66–68].”
From The effects of a home-based resistance training programme on body composition and muscle function during weight loss in people living with overweight or obesity: a randomised controlled pilot trial (2025) · cites this paper as [68]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIt is likely that exercise-induced LBM increase may not lead to impairments in insulin sensitivity.
“However, it is likely that the exercise-induced LBM increase may not lead to such impairments in insulin sensitivity [41].”
From Resistance Training Prevents Muscle Loss Induced by Caloric Restriction in Obese Elderly Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2018) · cites this paper as [41]
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Self-citationSardeli, A. V., Komatsu, T. R., Mori, M. A., Gáspari, A. F., & Chacon-Mikahil, M. P. T. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10040423 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
“However, it is likely that the exercise-induced LBM increase may not lead to such impairments in insulin sensitivity [41].”
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Self-citationExercise and Prediabetes After Renal Transplantation (EXPRED-I): A Prospective Study
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“Resistance exercise training has also been found to have major metabolic health benefits, such as enhanced insulin sensitivity and better glucose management, which are vital for controlling and avoiding type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders [66–68].”
- Authors
- Pesta, D. H., Goncalves, R. L. S., Madiraju, A. K., Strasser, B., & Sparks, L. M.
- Affiliations
- Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pesta, Dominik H.
- Sparks, Lauren M.
- Venue
- Nutrition & Metabolism
- Published
- 2017-03-02
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 24-24
- ISSN
- 1743-7075 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5335813
- OpenAlex
- W2593009823
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 1.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Nutrition & Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften (ZB MED) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Österreichische Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft (J3267)
- American Diabetes Association Research Foundation (7-13-JF-53)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- resistance training, type 2 diabetes, mitochondrial function, skeletal muscle, glucose transport, metformin, exercise prescription, glycemic control, cholesterol metabolism, cardiovascular risk factors
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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