The vaginal microbiota, human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: What do we know and where are we going next

Mitra, Anita; MacIntyre, David A.; Marchesi, Julian R.; Lee, Yun S.; Bennett, Phillip R.; Kyrgiou, Maria

doi:10.1186/s40168-016-0203-0

Cited by 495Reproductive tract infections researchCervical Cancer and HPV ResearchGut microbiota and health

The vaginal microbiota, human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: What do we know and where are we going next

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Mitra, Anita, MacIntyre, David A., Marchesi, Julian R., Lee, Yun S., Bennett, Phillip R., Kyrgiou, Maria·2016·Microbiome

DOI 10.1186/s40168-016-0203-0PMC PMC5088670

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Abstract

The vaginal microbiota plays a significant role in health and disease of the female reproductive tract. Next-generation sequencing techniques based upon the analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes permit in-depth study of vaginal microbial community structure to a level of detail not possible with standard culture-based microbiological techniques. The human papillomavirus (HPV) causes both cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. Although the virus is highly prevalent, only a small number of women have a persistent HPV infection and subsequently develop clinically significant disease. There is emerging evidence which leads us to conclude that increased diversity of vaginal microbiota combined with reduced relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp. is involved in HPV acquisition and persistence and the development of cervical precancer and cancer. In this review, we summarise the current literature and discuss potential mechanisms for the involvement of vaginal microbiota in the evolution of CIN and cervical cancer. The concept of manipulation of vaginal bacterial communities using pre- and probiotics is also discussed as an exciting prospect for the field of cervical pathology.

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Untreated women attending for colposcopy have a higher risk of preterm birth than women without CIN, probably explained by inherent characteristics and genetic, epigenetic, or microbiome factors.
“Untreated women attending for colposcopy have a higher risk of preterm birth than do women without CIN, probably explained by inherent characteristics and genetic, epigenetic, or microbiome factors.40, 41, 42”
From Comparative effectiveness and risk of preterm birth of local treatments for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and stage IA1 cervical cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [42]
The ‘Limitations of current literature and areas for future study’ section says dysbiosis increases preterm-birth risk, and the ‘Vaginal microbiota and HPV/CIN/cervical cancer’ section reports an association between CIN severity and vaginal microbiota. The paper does not establish that untreated women attending colposcopy have a higher preterm-birth risk than women without CIN, or attribute such a difference to genetic or epigenetic factors. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Cervicovaginal microbiota plays a substantial role in persistence and regression of HPV and has implications for subsequent disease.
“Further evidence indicates that the cervicovaginal microbiota plays a substantial role in the persistence and regression of the virus and thus has important implications for subsequent disease (Chang and Parsonnet, 2010; Mitra et al., 2016).”
From Viral Infections, the Microbiome, and Probiotics (2021) · cites this paper as Mitra et al., 2016

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Vaginal microbiota and the potential of Lactobacillus derivatives in maintaining vaginal health
Chee, W. J. Y., Chew, S. Y., & Than, L. T. L. (2020) · Microbial Cell Factories · doi:10.1186/s12934-020-01464-4 · Cited by 709 · see citing works
Epidemiology and Burden of Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases, Molecular Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Evaluation
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Role of Vaginal microbiota and Human Papillomavirus infection in cervical Oncogenesis: where do we stand?
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Human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia progression are associated with increased vaginal microbiome diversity in a Chinese cohort
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Vaginal microbiota and HPV-associated cervical diseases: Established relationship
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Authors: Mitra, A., MacIntyre, D. A., Marchesi, J. R., Lee, Y. S., Bennett, P. R., & Kyrgiou, M.
Affiliations: Hammersmith Hospital (GB)
St Mary's Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author: MacIntyre, David A.
Kyrgiou, Maria
ORCID: Mitra, Anita
MacIntyre, David A.
Marchesi, Julian R.
Lee, Yun S.
Bennett, Phillip R.
Kyrgiou, Maria
Venue: Microbiome
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2016-11-01
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Pages: 58-58
ISSN: 2049-2618 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-016-0203-0
PMC: PMC5088670
OpenAlex: W2546959673
Cited by: 484
References: 151
Citations by year: 2026: 51 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 14
FWCI: 2.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Microbiome (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: British Society Of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (P47773)
Imperial College Healthcare Charity (P47907)
Genesis Research Trust (P55549)
Research Trainees Coordinating Centre
Programme Grants for Applied Research (P45272)
Medical Research Council (P47569)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Keywords: vaginal microbiota, human papillomavirus, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cervical cancer, Lactobacillus, microbial diversity, persistent HPV infection, probiotics, prebiotics, cervical precancerous lesions
MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Dysplasia, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Lactobacillus, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Vagina, Oxidative Stress, Probiotics, Papillomaviridae, Papillomavirus Infections, Microbiota, Dysbiosis

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The vaginal microbiota, human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: What do we know and where are we going next

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