Germ-free mice exhibit profound gut microbiota-dependent alterations of intestinal endocannabinoidome signaling
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The gut microbiota is a unique ecosystem of microorganisms interacting with the host through several biochemical mechanisms. The endocannabinoidome (eCBome), a complex signaling system including the endocannabinoid system, approximately 50 receptors and metabolic enzymes, and more than 20 lipid mediators with important physiopathologic functions, modulates gastrointestinal tract function and may mediate host cell-microbe communications there. Germ-free (GF) mice, which lack an intestinal microbiome and so differ drastically from conventionally raised (CR) mice, offer a unique opportunity to explore the eCBome in a microbe-free model and in the presence of a reintroduced functional gut microbiome through fecal microbiota transplant (FMT). We aimed to gain direct evidence for a link between the microbiome and eCBome systems by investigating eCBome alterations in the gut in GF mice before and after FMT. Basal eCBome gene expression and lipid profiles were measured in various segments of the intestine of GF and CR mice at juvenile and adult ages using targeted quantitative PCR transcriptomics and LC-MS/MS lipidomics. GF mice exhibited age-dependent modifications in intestinal eCBome gene expression and lipid mediator levels. FMT from CR donor mice to age-matched GF male mice reversed several of these alterations, particularly in the ileum and jejunum, after only 1 week, demonstrating that the gut microbiome directly impacts the host eCBome and providing a cause-effect relationship between the presence or absence of intestinal microbes and eCBome signaling. These results open the way to new studies investigating the mechanisms through which intestinal microorganisms exploit eCBome signaling to exert some of their physiopathologic functions.
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Germ-free animals have significant changes in CB1, CB2, and eCB synthetic and degradative enzymes throughout the gut.
“Germ-free animals demonstrate significant changes in the expression of CB1 and CB2, and synthetic and degradative enzymes throughout the gut (251).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [251]
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Silveira, L. S., Pimentel, G. D., de Souza, C. O., Biondo, L. A., Teixeira, A. A. D. S., de Lima, E. A., Batatinha, H., Neto, J. C. R., & Lira, F. S. (2017) · Cell Biochemistry and Function · doi:10.1002/cbf.3308 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Piscitelli, F., and V. Di Marzo. 2015. The ever-expanding world of the endocannabinoids: a concise introduction. In Cannabinoids in Neurologic and Mental Disease. Accessed June 26, 2019, at http:// www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124170414000242.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights
de Vos, W. M., Tilg, H., Van Hul, M., & Cani, P. D. (2022) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326789 · Cited by 2,388 · see citing works
Self-citationSignalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
Rusch, J. A., Layden, B. T., & Dugas, L. R. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1130689 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Goods and Bads of the Endocannabinoid System as a Therapeutic Target: Lessons Learned after 30 Years
Maccarrone, M., Di Marzo, V., Gertsch, J., Grether, U., Howlett, A. C., Hua, T., Makriyannis, A., Piomelli, D., Ueda, N., & van der Stelt, M. (2023) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.122.000600 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Role of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis
Cuddihey, H., MacNaughton, W. K., & Sharkey, K. A. (2022) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.05.015 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
The microbiome and gut endocannabinoid system in the regulation of stress responses and metabolism
Srivastava, R. K., Lutz, B., & Ruiz de Azua, I. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.867267 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The endocannabinoid system: a bridge between alzheimer’s disease and gut microbiota
Bisogno, T., Lauritano, A., & Piscitelli, F. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11090934 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Manca, C., Boubertakh, B., Leblanc, N., Deschênes, T., Lacroix, S., Martin, C., Houde, A., Veilleux, A., Flamand, N., Muccioli, G. G., Raymond, F., Cani, P. D., Di Marzo, V., & Silvestri, C.
- Affiliations
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CA)
- Université Laval (CA)
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF) (CA)
- UCLouvain (BE)
- Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Silvestri, Cristoforo
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Lipid Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-01
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 70-85
- ISSN
- 0022-2275 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6939599
- OpenAlex
- W2985018913
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 11
- FWCI
- 7.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Lipid Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Libraries (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Fonds Baillet Latour
- Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS (WELBIO-CR-2019C-02R)
- European Research Council (336452-ENIGMO)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, endocannabinoidome, germ-free mice, fecal microbiota transplantation, host-microbe interactions
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Intestines, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Signal Transduction, Mice, Endocannabinoids
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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