Correlated memory defects and hippocampal dendritic spine loss after acute stress involve corticotropin-releasing hormone signaling
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Stress affects the hippocampus, a brain region crucial for memory. In rodents, acute stress may reduce density of dendritic spines, the location of postsynaptic elements of excitatory synapses, and impair long-term potentiation and memory. Steroid stress hormones and neurotransmitters have been implicated in the underlying mechanisms, but the role of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a hypothalamic hormone also released during stress within hippocampus, has not been elucidated. In addition, the causal relationship of spine loss and memory defects after acute stress is unclear. We used transgenic mice that expressed YFP in hippocampal neurons and found that a 5-h stress resulted in profound loss of learning and memory. This deficit was associated with selective disruption of long-term potentiation and of dendritic spine integrity in commissural/associational pathways of hippocampal area CA3. The degree of memory deficit in individual mice correlated significantly with the reduced density of area CA3 apical dendritic spines in the same mice. Moreover, administration of the CRH receptor type 1 (CRFR 1 ) blocker NBI 30775 directly into the brain prevented the stress-induced spine loss and restored the stress-impaired cognitive functions. We conclude that acute, hours-long stress impairs learning and memory via mechanisms that disrupt the integrity of hippocampal dendritic spines. In addition, establishing the contribution of hippocampal CRH–CRFR 1 signaling to these processes highlights the complexity of the orchestrated mechanisms by which stress impacts hippocampal structure and function.
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Stress can influence the number of excitatory synapses on dendritic spines already within hours in brain regions including the hippocampus.
“Stress has been shown to influence the number of excitatory synapses on dendritic spines already within hours26,40 in brain regions including the hippocampus.34,41,42”
From Preferential loss of dorsal-hippocampus synapses underlies memory impairments provoked by short, multimodal stress (2014) · cites this paper as [26]
Neurotransmitters including norepinephrine, serotonin and glutamate, as well as stress-induced release of neuropeptides and steroids, can influence synapse number and function.
“Neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine,76, 77, 78 serotonin79, 80, 81 and glutamate,82,83 as well as stress-induced release of neuropeptides26,34,84,85 and steroids,86, 87, 88 can influence synapse number and function.”
From Preferential loss of dorsal-hippocampus synapses underlies memory impairments provoked by short, multimodal stress (2014) · cites this paper as [26]
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Lei, A. A., Phang, V. W. X., Lee, Y. Z., Kow, A. S. F., Tham, C. L., Ho, Y.-C., & Lee, M. T. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26072940 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
“Furthermore, intrahippocampal CRFR1 antagonists (e.g., NBI 30775) inhibit spine degeneration and ameliorate memory impairments generated by stress, confirming CRH as a crucial mediator of acute stress effects [100].”
Neuropeptide receptor ligands as drugs for psychiatric diseases: the end of the beginning?
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Chen, Y., Kramár, E. A., Chen, L. Y., Babayan, A. H., Andres, A. L., Gall, C. M., Lynch, G., & Baram, T. Z. (2013) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2012.17 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
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Caregiver maltreatment causes altered neuronal DNA methylation in female rodents
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- Authors
- Chen, Y., Rex, C. S., Rice, C. J., Dubé, C. M., Gall, C. M., Lynch, G., & Baram, T. Z.
- Affiliations
- Pediatrics and Genetics (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Departments of aPediatrics and
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2010-07-06
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 29
- Pages
- 13123-13128
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2919915
- OpenAlex
- W2162743207
- Cited by
- 256
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 6.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- George E. Hewitt Foundation for Medical Research
- Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH73136, R01MH073136)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P01NS045260, NS 28912, NS45540, NS 37799, R01NS028912, NS-45260, R01NS037799, T32NS045540)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- acute stress, hippocampus, dendritic spine loss, corticotropin-releasing factor, CRH receptor type 1, learning and memory impairment, long-term potentiation, CA3
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cognition, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Hippocampus, Male, Memory, Stress, Psychological, Synapses, Time Factors, Signal Transduction, Long-Term Potentiation, Dendritic Spines, Mice
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