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Cited by 478

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 78 of the 78 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Symmetry breaking, germ layer specification and axial organisation in aggregates of mouse embryonic stem cells

Open access
van den Brink, Susanne C., Baillie-Johnson, Peter, Balayo, Tina, Hadjantonakis, Anna-Katerina, Nowotschin, Sonja, Turner, David A., Martinez Arias, Alfonso·2014·Development
DOI 10.1242/dev.113001
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Abstract

Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are clonal populations derived from preimplantation mouse embryos that can be propagated in vitro and, when placed into blastocysts, contribute to all tissues of the embryo and integrate into the normal morphogenetic processes, i.e. they are pluripotent. However, although they can be steered to differentiate in vitro into all cell types of the organism, they cannot organise themselves into structures that resemble embryos. When aggregated into embryoid bodies they develop disorganised masses of different cell types with little spatial coherence. An exception to this rule is the emergence of retinas and anterior cortex-like structures under minimal culture conditions. These structures emerge from the cultures without any axial organisation. Here, we report that small aggregates of mESCs, of about 300 cells, self-organise into polarised structures that exhibit collective behaviours reminiscent of those that cells exhibit in early mouse embryos, including symmetry breaking, axial organisation, germ layer specification and cell behaviour, as well as axis elongation. The responses are signal specific and uncouple processes that in the embryo are tightly associated, such as specification of the anteroposterior axis and anterior neural development, or endoderm specification and axial elongation. We discuss the meaning and implications of these observations and the potential uses of these structures which, because of their behaviour, we suggest to call ‘gastruloids’.

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Metadata

Authors
van den Brink, S. C., Baillie-Johnson, P., Balayo, T., Hadjantonakis, A.-K., Nowotschin, S., Turner, D. A., & Martinez Arias, A.
Venue
Development
Publisher
The Company of Biologists
Published
2014-11-15
Volume
141
Issue
22
Pages
4231-4242
ISSN
  • 0950-1991 (ISSN-L)
  • 1477-9129
DOI
10.1242/dev.113001
OpenAlex
W2166649246
Cited by
478
References
78
FWCI
6.81
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

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