Selective transfer of exosomes from oligodendrocytes to microglia by macropinocytosis
Abstract
The transfer of antigens from oligodendrocytes to immune cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Here, we show that oligodendrocytes secrete small membrane vesicles called exosomes, which are specifically and efficiently taken up by microglia both in vitro and in vivo. Internalisation of exosomes occurs by a macropinocytotic mechanism without inducing a concomitant inflammatory response. After stimulation of microglia with interferon-γ, we observe an upregulation of MHC class II in a subpopulation of microglia. However, exosomes are preferentially internalised in microglia that do not seem to have antigen-presenting capacity. We propose that the constitutive macropinocytotic clearance of exosomes by a subset of microglia represents an important mechanism through which microglia participate in the degradation of oligodendroglial membrane in an immunologically ‘silent’ manner. By designating the capacity for macropinocytosis and antigen presentation to distinct cells, degradation and immune function might be assigned to different subtypes of microglia.
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EV fusion allows direct retrieval of EV cargo in the cytosol of neurons, avoiding degradation in late endosome or lysosomes, where EVs may accumulate after endocytosis.
“EV fusion allows direct retrieval of EV cargo in the cytosol of neurons, avoiding degradation in late endosome or lysosomes, where EVs may accumulate after endocytosis [13, 26, 28].”
From Glia-to-neuron transfer of miRNAs via extracellular vesicles: a new mechanism underlying inflammation-induced synaptic alterations (2018) · cites this paper as [26]
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- Authors
- Fitzner, D., Schnaars, M., van Rossum, D., Krishnamoorthy, G., Dibaj, P., Bakhti, M., Regen, T., Hanisch, U.-K., & Simons, M.
- Venue
- Journal of Cell Science
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 2011-02-01
- Volume
- 124
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 447-458
- ISSN
- 1477-9137
- 0021-9533
- Cited by
- 775
- References
- 5
- Language
- en
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