Cited by 222Job Satisfaction and Organizational BehaviorMindfulness and Compassion InterventionsWorkplace Health and Well-being

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The Ability of Psychological Flexibility and Job Control to Predict Learning, Job Performance, and Mental Health

Bond, Frank W., Flaxman, Paul E.·2006·Journal of Organizational Behavior Management

DOI 10.1300/j075v26n01_05

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Abstract

Summary This longitudinal study tested the degree to which an individual characteristic, psychological flexibility, and a work organization variable, job control, predicted ability to learn new skills at work, job performance, and mental health, amongst call center workers in the United Kingdom (N = 448). As hypothesized, results indicated that job control, psychological flexibility, and the synergistic interaction between the two, predicted people's ability to learn a new computer software program, as well as their mental health and job performance, which was objectively measured. Discussion focuses on the implications of these, and previous findings, for organizational behavior.

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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
Improving International-Level Chess Players’ Performance with an Acceptance-Based Protocol: Preliminary Findings
Ruiz, F. J., & Luciano, C. (2012) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03395813 · Cited by 20
Psychological Flexibility and ACT at Work
Bond, F. W., Lloyd, J., Flaxman, P. E., & Archer, R. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118489857.ch22 · Cited by 23
Self-citation
Workplace ostracism and organizational deviance: A self-regulatory perspective
Jahanzeb, S., Giles, J. P., & Mushtaq, R. (2023) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.2023.2185499 · Cited by 24
“For example, organizations offering cognitive-behavioral counseling through acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) (Bond & Flaxman, 2006) may help employees to flexibly adopt a precise approach matching their situational demands (Bonanno et al., 2004).”
Background
How do workers benefit from skill utilisation and how can these benefits be enhanced?
Boxall, P., Huo, M., & Winterton, J. (2019) · Journal of Industrial Relations · doi:10.1177/0022185618819169 · Cited by 19
“The learning-related predictions of these theories have not frequently been tested, but have been confirmed in two longitudinal studies in call centres (Bond and Flaxman, 2006; Holman and Wall, 2002).”
Result
The Spanish version of the Work-related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (WAAQ)
Ruiz, F. J., & Odriozola-González, P. (2014) · Psicothema · doi:10.7334/psicothema2013.110 · Cited by 20
“…outcomes, including mental health, better job performance, increased capacity to learn skills at work, and absence rates (e.g., Bond & Bunce, 2003; Bond & Flaxman, 2006; Donaldson & Bond, 2004) even when controlling for negative affectivity and locus of control (Bond & Bunce, 2003), and emotional…”
HSE management standards indicator tool and positive work-related outcomes
Toderi, S., & Balducci, C. (2015) · International Journal of Workplace Health Management · doi:10.1108/ijwhm-11-2013-0044 · Cited by 19
Motivating Operations in theJournal of Organizational Behavior Management:Review and Discussion of Relevant Articles
Lotfizadeh, A. D., Edwards, T. L., & Poling, A. D. (2014) · Journal of Organizational Behavior Management · doi:10.1080/01608061.2014.914010 · Cited by 18
“Clearly, MO and related terms have entered the vernacular of JOBM authors, which suggests that Agnew (1997) and Olson et al. (2001) argued rightly in contending that the MO concept would prove useful in understanding and improving human behavior in organizational settings.”
Influential
The association between exposure to psychosocial work factors and mental health in older employees, a 3-year follow-up study
Havermans, B. M., Boot, C. R. L., Hoekstra, T., Houtman, I. L. D., Brouwers, E. P. M., Anema, J. R., & van der Beek, A. J. (2017) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-017-1261-8 · Cited by 21
“This finding does not seem to fit numerous other studies, in which autonomy is positively associated with mental health (Bond and Flaxman 2006; Thompson and Prottas 2006).”
Result
‘Feel the Feeling’: Psychological practitioners’ experience of acceptance and commitment therapy well-being training in the workplace
Wardley, M. N., Flaxman, P. E., Willig, C., & Gillanders, D. T. (2014) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105314557977 · Cited by 24
“A contemporary cognitive and behavioural approach, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT said as a word rather than three letters), has a growing body of research indicating its effectiveness within the working population (Bond and Bunce, 2000; Bond and Flaxman, 2006; Flaxman and Bond, 2010b; Hayes et al., 2004).”
Positive Approaches to Leadership Development
MacKie, D. (2016) · doi:10.1002/9781118977620.ch17 · Cited by 17
Work overload and leader–member exchange: The moderating role of psychological flexibility
Kopperud, K. H., Buch, R., & Skogen, C. (2021) · Journal of General Management · doi:10.1177/0306307020942905 · Cited by 21
“Psychological flexibility is an individual characteristic involving the ability to focus on the current situation and act according to personal goals and values, regardless of any joint experience of difficult or unwanted psychological events (Bond and Flaxman, 2006; Bond et al., 2008, 2013).”
Background
Evaluating an ACT-Based Brief Intervention for Educators Treatment Package on Reported Well-Being and ACT-Consistent Language in the Classroom
Paliliunas, D., Burke, R. V., Taylor, S., Frizell, C. B., Durbin, K. K., & Hutchings, D. L. (2022) · Behavior Analysis in Practice · doi:10.1007/s40617-022-00707-7 · Cited by 17
“Psychological flexibility refers to a person’s ability to persist with or change their behavior in accordance with values-based contingencies while contacting all public and private stimuli in the current environment (e.g., Bond & Flaxman, 2006).”
Background
Psychological Flexibility at Work and Employees' Proactive Work Behaviour: Cross‐Level Moderating Role of Leader Need for Structure
Kuo, C., Ye, Y., Chen, M., & Chen, L. H. (2017) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/apps.12111 · Cited by 15
“…psychological flexibility in facilitating work-related outcomes has been investigated in previous research via different research methods, including general assessment, work-specific assessment, and group intervention (Bond & Bunce, 2003; Bond & Flaxman, 2006; Bond et al., 2006, 2008, 2010, 2013).”
BackgroundMethod
Round outside and square inside: The latent profile structure and adaptability of Chinese interpersonal relatedness
Mingjie, Z. H. O. U., Fugui, L. I., Mu, W., Fan, W., ZHANG, J., & ZHANG, M. (2022) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2023.00390 · Cited by 14
Psychological flexibility of nurses in a cancer hospital: Preliminary validation of a chinese version of the work-related acceptance and action questionnaire
Xu, X., Liu, X., Ou, M., Xie, C., & Chen, Y. (2017) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.4103/apjon.apjon_62_17 · Cited by 14
“Higher levels of psychological flexibility correlate with better mental health, better job performance, and an increased capacity to learn skills at work.([28,50]) ACT interventions can improve employees’ mental health, increase innovation, and reduce the risk of burnout by increasing their psychological flexibility.”
Background
Associations of experiential avoidance with burnout, wellbeing, and productivity loss among police officers: The mediating role of negative and positive affect
Mojallal, M., Simons, R. M., Quevillon, R. P., & Hatwan, M. L. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23371 · Cited by 13
A Multilevel Framework for Compassionate Care in ABA: Approaches to Cultivate a Nurturing System
Denegri, S., Cymbal, D. J., & Catrone, R. G. (2023) · Behavior Analysis in Practice · doi:10.1007/s40617-023-00828-7 · Cited by 13
Emotional schemas in relation to educators’ social and emotional competencies to promote student SEL
Jennings, P. A., Álamos, P., Baelen, R. N., Jeon, L., & Nicholas-Hoff, P. Y. (2024) · Social and Emotional Learning Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1016/j.sel.2024.100064 · Cited by 20
Framing Workplace Innovation Through an Organisational Psychology Perspective: A Review of Current WPI Studies
Costantini, A., Sartori, R., & Ceschi, A. (2017) · Aligning perspectives on health, safety and well-being · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56333-6_9 · Cited by 15
Evaluating the psychometric characteristics of the Work-related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (WAAQ) in a sample of healthcare professionals
Holmberg, J., Kemani, M. K., Holmström, L., Öst, L., & Wicksell, R. K. (2019) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.08.010 · Cited by 14
psychological flexibility training to enhance resilience in military personnel
Evans, W. R., Meyer, E. C., Moore, B. A., & Peterson, A. L. (2024) · Journal of Military Social Work and Behavioral Health Services · doi:10.1080/21635781.2023.2246900 · Cited by 13
“The burgeoning research on ACT training provides an early indication of the potential of ACT-based training for improving group functioning in the military workplace (e.g., Bond & Flaxman, 2006; Moran, 2015).”
Spiritual power: the internal, renewable social power source
Goltz, S. M. (2011) · Journal of Management Spirituality & Religion · doi:10.1080/14766086.2011.630171 · Cited by 14
“…thought to be due to the ability of people with increased flexibility not to be distracted by interfering thoughts such as frustration and to be able to more effectively experience the present moment fully, including assessing what the situation affords (Bond and Flaxman 2006; Bond et al. 2006).”
BackgroundInfluential
Mindfulness and meditation in the workplace: An acceptance and commitment therapy approach
Bond, F. W., Flaxman, P. E., & Lloyd, J. (2016) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med:psych/9780199688906.003.0011 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Effects of an acceptance and commitment therapy intervention on leaders’ and managers’ psychological flexibility
Deval, C., Bernard-Curie, S., & Monestès, J. (2016) · Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive · doi:10.1016/j.jtcc.2016.10.002 · Cited by 16
Contextual behavioural coaching: An evidence-based model for supporting behaviour change
Hulbert‐Williams, L., Hochard, K. D., Hulbert-Williams, N., Archer, R., Nicholls, W., & Wilson, K. G. (2016) · International Coaching Psychology Review · doi:10.53841/bpsicpr.2016.11.2.142 · Cited by 12
“In the work setting, psychological flexibility has been shown to be predictive of job performance (Bond & Flaxman, 2006), attitudes toward learning new skills (ibid.)”
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy preceded by an experimental Attention Bias Modification procedure in recurrent depression: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Østergaard, T., Lundgren, T., Zettle, R., Jonassen, R., Harmer, C. J., Stiles, T. C., Landrø, N. I., & Haaland, V. Ø. (2018) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2515-9 · Cited by 10
“Psychological flexibility has shown to be associated with higher life satisfaction, emotional well-being, job performance, and job satisfaction [28 – 31].”
Predicting burnout in Australian mental health professionals: uncertainty tolerance, impostorism and psychological inflexibility
Malouf, P., Quinlan, E., & Mohi, S. R. (2023) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1080/13284207.2022.2163159 · Cited by 11
Emotional flexibility and general self-efficacy: A pilot training intervention study with knowledge workers
Brassey, J., van Witteloostuijn, A. C., Huszka, C., Silberzahn, T., & van Dam, N. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237821 · Cited by 17
“Effectiveness was found in the financial sector amongst customer service center workers [16], and in samples from call center employees [19], a corporate call center [20], a media organization [15], and middle managers in medium and large-sized companies [28].”
Background
Acceptance & commitment therapy for school leaders’ well-being: an initial feasibility study
Gillard, D., Wright, D., McNally, A., Flaxman, P. E., McIntosh, R., & Honey, K. L. (2020) · Educational Psychology in Practice · doi:10.1080/02667363.2020.1855120 · Cited by 11
Childhood experiences of being parented, adult attachment, psychological inflexibility, social engagement, and mental health of autistic adults
Lee, J. Y. S., Whittingham, K., & Mitchell, A. E. (2022) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104343 · Cited by 14
Organizational change: insights from Buddhism and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy(ACT)
Goltz, S. M. (2018) · Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion · doi:10.1080/14766086.2018.1513857 · Cited by 10
“Psychological flexibility involves the ability to more consciously attend to the present situation and more consciously change behavior (see Bond and Bunce 2003; Bond and Flaxman 2006; Fletcher and Hayes 2005).”
Background
The developmental trajectory of college students’ psychological flexibility: Based on latent growth model
Wang, J., & Fang, S. (2024) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100765 · Cited by 11

Authors: Bond, F. W., & Flaxman, P. E.
Affiliations: University of London (GB)
ORCID: Bond, Frank W.
Flaxman, Paul E.
Venue: Journal of Organizational Behavior Management
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2006-11-07
Volume: 26
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 113-130
ISSN: 0160-8061 (ISSN-L)
1540-8604
DOI: 10.1300/j075v26n01_05
OpenAlex: W2116261668
Cited by: 221
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 6.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Organizational Behavior Management (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Workplace Health and Well-being
Keywords: psychological flexibility, job control, employee performance, mental health, workplace learning, call center employees, software training, work organization, individual differences, interaction effects

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The Ability of Psychological Flexibility and Job Control to Predict Learning, Job Performance, and Mental Health

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