Aberrant immune responses in a mouse with behavioral disorders
Open accessAbstract
BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) mice have recently been reported to have behaviors that resemble those of autistic individuals, in that this strain has impairments in social interactions and a restricted repetitive and stereotyped pattern of behaviors. Since immune responses, including autoimmune responses, are known to affect behavior, and individuals with autism have aberrant immune activities, we evaluated the immune system of BTBR mice, and compared their immunity and degree of neuroinflammation with that of C57BL/6 (B6) mice, a highly social control strain, and with F1 offspring. Mice were assessed at postnatal day (pnd) 21 and after behavioral analysis at pnd70. BTBR mice had significantly higher amounts of serum IgG and IgE, of IgG anti-brain antibodies (Abs), and of IgG and IgE deposited in the brain, elevated expression of cytokines, especially IL-33 IL-18, and IL-1β in the brain, and an increased proportion of MHC class II-expressing microglia compared to B6 mice. The F1 mice had intermediate levels of Abs and cytokines as well as social activity. The high Ab levels of BTBR mice are in agreement with their increased numbers of CD40(hi)/I-A(hi) B cells and IgG-secreting B cells. Upon immunization with KLH, the BTBR mice produced 2-3 times more anti-KLH Abs than B6 mice. In contrast to humoral immunity, BTBR mice are significantly more susceptible to listeriosis than B6 or BALB/c mice. The Th2-like immune profile of the BTBR mice and their constitutive neuroinflammation suggests that an autoimmune profile is implicated in their aberrant behaviors, as has been suggested for some humans with autism.
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The BTBR mouse has been shown to display a pro-inflammatory phenotype that is thought to contribute to the development of ASD-like behavior.
“Indeed, the BTBR mouse has been shown to display a pro-inflammatory phenotype that is thought to contribute to the development of ASD-like behavior (Careaga et al., 2015; Heo et al., 2011; Onore et al., 2013).”
From Microbiota-related Changes in Bile Acid & Tryptophan Metabolism are Associated with Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Autism (2017) · cites this paper as Heo et al., 2011
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The BTBR T+tf/J mouse model for autism spectrum disorders–in search of biomarkers
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Inflammatory macrophage phenotype in BTBR T+tf/J mice
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Inflammatory profiles in the BTBR mouse: how relevant are they to autism spectrum disorders?
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- Authors
- Heo, Y., Zhang, Y., Gao, D., Miller, V. M., & Lawrence, D. A.
- Affiliations
- Daegu Catholic University (KR)
- New York State Department of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lawrence, David A.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2011-07-20
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e20912
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3140472
- OpenAlex
- W2052424568
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 5.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- New York State Department of Health
- Autism Research Institute
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- BTBR mice, autism spectrum disorder, autoimmunity, neuroinflammation, anti-brain antibodies, microglia, MHC class II, cytokines, IL-33, IL-18, IL-1β, humoral immunity, social behavior, repetitive behavior, F1 hybrid mice
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antigens, B-Lymphocytes, Behavior, Animal, Mental Disorders, Blood-Brain Barrier, Cell Count, Female, Immunoglobulin G, Listeria monocytogenes, Male, Mast Cells, Social Behavior, T-Lymphocytes, Up-Regulation, Cytokines, Mice
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