Peripheral and central inflammation in autism spectrum disorders
Open accessAbstract
Recent reports have given a central role to environmental factors in the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, most proposed perinatal factors seem to converge into the activation of the immune system, suggesting that an early inflammatory response could be a unifying factor in the etiology ASD. Here I review the evidence of early immune activation in individuals with ASD, and the chronic peripheral and central alterations observed in the inflammatory response in ASD. This evidence shows that ASD is associated with altered neuroinflammatory processes and abnormal immune responses in adulthood. How these immune alterations can affect developmental programming of adult behavior or directly affect behavior later in life is discussed in the context of both clinical and animal models of research. Recent studies in rodents clearly support a role of elevated cytokines in the behavioral symptoms of ASD, both during development and in adulthood. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration and neurodysfunction'.
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Numerous studies have demonstrated a correlation between cytokine levels and ASD status, and there is consensus that cytokines and chemokines are part of the altered immune environment in autism.
“Numerous studies have demonstrated a correlation between cytokine levels and ASD status, and while there is a consensus that cytokines and chemokines are part of the altered immune environment noted in autism (Depino, 2013;Enstrom et al, 2010)”
From The Role of the Immune System in Autism Spectrum Disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Depino, 2013
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- Authors
- Depino, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (AR)
- Corresponding author
- Depino, Amaicha Mara
- ORCID
- Depino, Amaicha Mara
- Venue
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-03
- Volume
- 53
- Pages
- 69-76
- ISSN
- 1044-7431 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2115289678
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 129
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Locations
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CONICET Digital (CONICET) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (2010-2012, PIP 2010-2012, PIP 2010)
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (CONICET, UBACyT 2010-2012)
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT-2010-1334, UBACyT 2010-2012, CONICET)
- Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (2010/2012)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, neuroinflammation, immune activation, peripheral inflammation, cytokines, perinatal risk factors, developmental programming, animal models of autism
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Humans, Immunity, Maternally-Acquired, Inflammation, Cytokines
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