The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Iron Status and the Acute Post-Exercise Hepcidin Response in Athletes
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“For example, Peeling et al. [27] found that post-exercise hepcidin levels were elevated only in athletes with moderate to high baseline ferritin, while those with low iron stores showed a blunted hepcidin response.”
From Optimizing Performance Nutrition for Adolescent Athletes: A Review of Dietary Needs, Risks, and Practical Strategies (2025) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“However, recent studies suggest that chronic training may suppress hepcidin expression, especially in iron-deficient athletes.”
From Optimizing Performance Nutrition for Adolescent Athletes: A Review of Dietary Needs, Risks, and Practical Strategies (2025) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“In addition to insufficient intake, high-intensity sport can lead to ID through other mechanisms, such as increased iron demand, higher iron loss due to micro-trauma and ischemia of the gut, hemolysis, iron loss through increased sweating [12,18,25], and dysregulation of iron absorption and storage by elevated hepcidin levels post-exercise [26].”
From Iron Deficiency and Anemia in Male and Female Adolescent Athletes Who Engage in Ball Games (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hepcidin Regulates Cellular Iron Efflux by Binding to Ferroportin and Inducing Its Internalization
Nemeth, E., Tuttle, M. S., Powelson, J., Vaughn, M. B., Donovan, A., Ward, D. M., Ganz, T., & Kaplan, J. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1104742 · Cited by 4,803
Nemeth, E., Rivera, S., Gabayan, V., Keller, C., Taudorf, S., Pedersen, B. K., & Ganz, T. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200420945 · Cited by 2,650 · cited 1×
“Increases in hepcidin levels usually occur as a homeostatic response to inflammatory stimuli (namely the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6: IL-6) or elevated iron levels [9], ultimately reducing dietary iron absorption from the small intestine, and reducing the ability of macrophages to recycle iron from senescent e…”
BackgroundHepcidin and iron regulation, 10 years later
Ganz, T. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2011-01-258467 · Cited by 962
Hypoxia-inducible factor regulates hepcidin via erythropoietin-induced erythropoiesis
Liu, Q., Davidoff, O., Niss, K., & Haase, V. H. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci63924 · Cited by 328
Serum hepcidin: reference ranges and biochemical correlates in the general population
Galesloot, T. E., Vermeulen, S. H., Geurts-Moespot, A. J., Klaver, S. M., Kroot, J. J., van Tienoven, D., Wetzels, J. F. M., Kiemeney, L. A. L. M., Sweep, F. C., den Heijer, M., et al. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2011-02-337907 · Cited by 303
Self-citationAthletic induced iron deficiency: new insights into the role of inflammation, cytokines and hormones
Peeling, P., Dawson, B., Goodman, C., Landers, G., & Trinder, D. (2008) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0726-6 · Cited by 292
Self-citationHepcidin in Human Iron Disorders: Diagnostic Implications
Kroot, J. J., Tjalsma, H., Fleming, R. E., & Swinkels, D. W. (2011) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2009.140053 · Cited by 246
Self-citationPiperno, A., Galimberti, S., Mariani, R., Pelucchi, S., Ravasi, G., Lombardi, C., Bilo, G., Revera, M., Giuliano, A., Faini, A., et al. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2010-08-299859 · Cited by 151
Training Surface and Intensity: Inflammation, Hemolysis, and Hepcidin Expression
PEELING, P., DAWSON, B., GOODMAN, C., LANDERS, G., WIEGERINCK, E. T., SWINKELS, D. W., & TRINDER, D. (2009) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318192ce58 · Cited by 107
Self-citationCumulative effects of consecutive running sessions on hemolysis, inflammation and hepcidin activity
Peeling, P., Dawson, B., Goodman, C., Landers, G., Wiegerinck, E. T., Swinkels, D. W., & Trinder, D. (2009) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-009-0988-7 · Cited by 95
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 15
- L Roecker, 2005, Iron-regulatory protein hepcidin is increased in female athletes after a marathon, Eur J Appl Physiol, 95, 569, 10.1007/s00421-005-0055-y · DOI
- P Peeling, 2009, Effects of exercise on hepcidin response and iron metabolism during recovery, Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 19, 583, 10.1123/ijsnem.19.6.583 · DOI
- M Sim, 2012, The effects of carbohydrate ingestion during endurance running on post–exercise inflammation and hepcidin levels, Eur J Appl Physiol, 112, 1889, 10.1007/s00421-011-2156-0 · DOI
- M Sim, 2013, Effect of exercise modality and intensity on post-exercise interleukin-6 and hepcidin levels, Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 23, 178, 10.1123/ijsnem.23.2.178 · DOI
- P Peeling, 2010, Exercise as a mediator of hepcidin activity in athletes, Eur J Appl Physiol, 110, 877, 10.1007/s00421-010-1594-4 · DOI
- JP Karl, 2010, Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of an iron-fortified food product in female soldiers during military training: relations between iron status, serum hepcidin, and inflammation, Am J Clin Nutr, 92, 93, 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29185 · DOI
- I Auersperger, 2012, The effects of 8 weeks of endurance running on hepcidin concentrations, inflammatory parameters, and iron status in female runners, Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 22, 55, 10.1123/ijsnem.22.1.55 · DOI
- NP Talbot, 2012, Regulation of hepcidin expression at high altitude, Blood, 119, 857, 10.1182/blood-2011-03-341776 · DOI · Paper page
- D Darshan, 2010, Severe iron deficiency blunts the response of the iron regulatory gene Hamp and pro-inflammatory cytokines to lipopolysaccharide, Haematologica, 95, 1660, 10.3324/haematol.2010.022426 · DOI
- E Nemeth, 2003, Hepcidin, a putative mediator of anemia of inflammation, is a type II acute-phase protein, Blood, 101, 2461, 10.1182/blood-2002-10-3235 · DOI · Paper page
- CC Schaap, 2013, Diurnal rhythm rather than dietary iron mediates daily hepcidin variations, Clin Chem, 59, 527, 10.1373/clinchem.2012.194977 · DOI
- S van Santen, 2011, Hepcidin and hemoglobin content parameters in the diagnosis of iron deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis patients with anemia, Arthritis Rheum, 63, 3672, 10.1002/art.30623 · DOI
- T Jaeggi, 2013, Iron status and systemic inflammation, but not gut inflammation, strongly predict gender-specific concentrations of serum hepcidin in infants in rural Kenya, PLoS One, 8, e57513, 10.1371/journal.pone.0057513 · DOI
- P Robson-Ansley, 2011, The effect of carbohydrate ingestion on plasma interleukin-6, hepcidin and iron concentrations following prolonged exercise, Cytokine, 53, 196, 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.10.001 · DOI
- RD Telford, 2003, Footstrike is the major cause of hemolysis during running, J Appl Physiol, 94, 38, 10.1152/japplphysiol.00631.2001 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Thomas, D. T., Erdman, K. A., & Burke, L. M. (2016) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2015.12.006 · Cited by 1,359
Nutrition and Athletic Performance
(2016) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000852 · Cited by 1,305
Iron considerations for the athlete: a narrative review
Sim, M., Garvican-Lewis, L. A., Cox, G. R., Govus, A., McKay, A. K. A., Stellingwerff, T., & Peeling, P. (2019) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04157-y · Cited by 274
Self-citationGovus, A. D., Garvican-Lewis, L. A., Abbiss, C. R., Peeling, P., & Gore, C. J. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135120 · Cited by 91
Self-citationEffects of an acute exercise bout on serum hepcidin levels
Domínguez, R., Sánchez-Oliver, A., Mata-Ordoñez, F., Feria-Madueño, A., Grimaldi-Puyana, M., López-Samanes, Á., & Pérez-López, A. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10020209 · Cited by 64
“Similarly, an increase in hepcidin levels was observed after 40 min [64,68], 45 min [61], 60 min [23,63], 90 min [62,64,67], and 120 min [63,77] of endurance exercise performed at 60% to 75% VO2peax.”
BackgroundInfluentialBadenhorst, C. E., Dawson, B., Cox, G. R., Laarakkers, C. M., Swinkels, D. W., & Peeling, P. (2015) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-015-3252-3 · Cited by 57
Self-citationChronic Adherence to a Ketogenic Diet Modifies Iron Metabolism in Elite Athletes
MCKAY, A. K. A., PEELING, P., PYNE, D. B., WELVAERT, M., TEE, N., LECKEY, J. J., SHARMA, A. P., ROSS, M. L. R., GARVICAN-LEWIS, L. A., SWINKELS, D. W., et al. (2019) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001816 · Cited by 53
Self-citationIron Metabolism: Interactions with Energy and Carbohydrate Availability
McKay, A. K. A., Pyne, D. B., Burke, L. M., & Peeling, P. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12123692 · Cited by 51
Self-citationAckerman, K. E., Rogers, M. A., Heikura, I. A., Burke, L. M., Stellingwerff, T., Hackney, A. C., Verhagen, E., Schley, S., Saville, G. H., Mountjoy, M., et al. (2023) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2023-107359 · Cited by 43
Mielgo-Ayuso, J., Zourdos, M. C., Calleja-González, J., Urdampilleta, A., & Ostojic, S. (2015) · Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2014-0500 · Cited by 39
Everett, S. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17172792 · Cited by 37
Shoemaker, M. E., Gillen, Z. M., McKay, B. D., Koehler, K., & Cramer, J. T. (2020) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2019.1621229 · Cited by 29
McKay, A. K. A., Peeling, P., Pyne, D. B., Welvaert, M., Tee, N., Leckey, J. J., Sharma, A. P., Ross, M. L. R., Garvican-Lewis, L. A., van Swelm, R. P. L., et al. (2019) · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2018.12.015 · Cited by 26
Self-citationIron Deficiency and Anemia in Male and Female Adolescent Athletes Who Engage in Ball Games
Nicotra, D., Arieli, R., Redlich, N., Navot-Mintzer, D., & Constantini, N. W. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12030970 · Cited by 26
Seven days of high carbohydrate ingestion does not attenuate post-exercise IL-6 and hepcidin levels
Badenhorst, C. E., Dawson, B., Cox, G. R., Sim, M., Laarakkers, C. M., Swinkels, D. W., & Peeling, P. (2016) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3426-7 · Cited by 20
Self-citationPompano, L. M., & Haas, J. D. (2019) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxy271 · Cited by 14
Alfaro-Magallanes, V., Benito, P., Rael, B., Barba-Moreno, L., Romero-Parra, N., Cupeiro, R., Swinkels, D., Laarakkers, C., Peinado, A., & on behalf of the IronFEMME Study Group (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12123866 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Peeling, P., Sim, M., Badenhorst, C. E., Dawson, B., Govus, A. D., Abbiss, C. R., Swinkels, D. W., & Trinder, D.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-03-25
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e93002
- ISSN
- 1932-6203
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 11
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.