Abnormal Development of Dendritic Spines in FMR1 Knock-Out Mice
Open accessAbstract
Fragile X syndrome is caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene leading to absence of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Reports that patients and adult FMR1 knock-out mice have abnormally long dendritic spines of increased density suggested that the disorder might involve abnormal spine development. Because spine length, density, and motility change dramatically in the first postnatal weeks, we analyzed these properties in mutant mice and littermate controls at 1, 2, and 4 weeks of age. To label neurons, a viral vector carrying the enhanced green fluorescent protein gene was injected into the barrel cortex. Layer V neurons were imaged on a two-photon laser scanning microscope in fixed tissue sections. Analysis of >16,000 spines showed clear developmental patterns. Between 1 and 4 weeks of age, spine density increased 2.5-fold, and mean spine length decreased by 17% in normal animals. Early during cortical synaptogenesis, pyramidal cells in mutant mice had longer spines than controls. At 1 week, spine length was 28% greater in mutants than in controls. At 2 weeks, this difference was 10%, and at 4 weeks only 3%. Similarly, spine density was 33% greater in mutants than in controls at 1 week of age. At 2 or 4 weeks of age, differences were not detectable. The spine abnormality was not detected in neocortical organotypic cultures. The transient nature of the spine abnormality in the intact animal suggests that FMRP might play a role in the normal process of dendritic spine growth in coordination with the experience-dependent development of cortical circuits.
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Fmr1 mutant mice have a significant delay in the stabilization of dendritic spines and in the maturation of thalamocortical and corticocortical synapses, defects associated with a temporal shift in the critical period for sensory-induced plasticity across different cortical areas.
“Fmr1 mutant mice have a significant delay in the stabilization of dendritic spines and in the maturation of thalamocortical and corticocortical synapses 94-98 , defects associated with a temporal shift in the critical period for sensory-induced plasticity across different cortical areas 94,97,99-101 .”
From Developmental timing and critical windows for the treatment of psychiatric disorders (2016) · cites this paper as [98]
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- Authors
- Nimchinsky, E. A., Oberlander, A. M., & Svoboda, K.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2001-07-15
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 5139-5146
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6762842
- OpenAlex
- W2104921672
- Cited by
- 560
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 13.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Institutional Repository (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed
- Funders
- FRAXA Research Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (5f32aa005518-03)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA05518)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS38259, R01NS038259)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
- Keywords
- fragile X syndrome, FMR1 gene, FMRP, dendritic spines, spine development, spine length, spine density, synaptogenesis, barrel cortex, layer 5 pyramidal neurons, experience-dependent development
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Dendrites, Fragile X Syndrome, Male, Nerve Tissue Proteins, RNA-Binding Proteins, Genes, Reporter, Mice, Knockout, Cell Surface Extensions, Mice, Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein, Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1, In Vitro Techniques
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