Development and differences of intestinal flora in the neonatal period in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants
Abstract
The development of stool bacterial flora was studied in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants. In both groups of infants, the intestine was first colonized with enterobacteria and their number attained 10(9) per gram of feces. On day 6, bifidobacteria were the predominant organisms in the stool of breast-fed infants, exceeding enterobacteria by a ratio of 1,000:1, whereas enterobacteria were the predominant organisms in formula-fed infants, exceeding bifidobacteria by approximately 10:1. At 1 month of age, bifidobacteria were the most prevalent organisms in both groups but the number of these organisms in the stool of bottle-fed infants was approximately one tenth that of breast-fed infants. The properties of breast milk that promote the growth of bifidobacteria and suppress the growth of coliform and other potentially pathogenic organisms, theoretically, would help to minimize the incidence of neonatal diseases caused by these organisms. The results would support the advantages of breast-feeding for optimal care of newborn infants.
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Many studies show a higher proportion of Bifidobacteria in breast-fed infants than in formula-fed infants, and this difference is thought to be secondary to human milk oligosaccharide effects.
“Some of the differences in the composition of the intestinal microbiota in breast-fed vs formula-fed infants are thought to be secondary to the effects of MOS on these bacteria—many studies have shown an increased proportion of Bifidobacteria in breast-fed infants 6, 7, 11 compared to formula-fed infants.”
From Diet and the Intestinal Microbiome: Associations, Functions, and Implications for Health and Disease (2014) · cites this paper as [7]
Breast-fed and formula-fed infants differ in the composition of their intestinal microbiota.
“Multiple studies have established differences in the composition of the intestinal microbiota based on whether infants are breast- or formula-fed5-7.”
From Diet and the Intestinal Microbiome: Associations, Functions, and Implications for Health and Disease (2014) · cites this paper as [7]
Bacteroides are present at lower concentration in breast-fed infants.
“Bacteroides are also present in a lower concentration in breast-fed infants7, 20.”
From Diet and the Intestinal Microbiome: Associations, Functions, and Implications for Health and Disease (2014) · cites this paper as [7]
Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) dominates the guts of healthy breastfed infants and is associated with numerous beneficial health outcomes.
“It has been found to dominate the guts of healthy breastfed infants [30] and thus is associated with numerous beneficial health outcomes [31, 32].”
From Pilot study of probiotic/colostrum supplementation on gut function in children with autism and gastrointestinal symptoms (2019) · cites this paper as [30]
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Yang, L., Bajinka, O., Jarju, P. O., Tan, Y., Taal, A. M., & Özdemir, G. (2021) · AMB Express · doi:10.1186/s13568-021-01274-w · Cited by 151 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Yoshioka, H., Iseki, K.-I., & Fujita, K.
- Affiliations
- Asahikawa Medical University (JP)
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan
- Venue
- PEDIATRICS
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 1983-09-01
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 317-321
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W1600123260
- Cited by
- 516
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 5.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, neonatal period, breastfeeding, bottle feeding, Bifidobacterium, Enterobacteriaceae, coliform bacteria, infant stool, breast milk
- MeSH terms
- Bottle Feeding, Breast Feeding, Enterobacteriaceae, Feces, Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Intestines, Lactobacillus acidophilus
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