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Cited by 597Gut microbiota and healthTryptophan and brain disordersGastrointestinal motility and disorders

Systematic Review of Gut Microbiota and Major Depression

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Cheung, Stephanie G., Goldenthal, Ariel R., Uhlemann, Anne-Catrin, Mann, J. John, Miller, Jeffrey M., Sublette, M. Elizabeth·2019·Frontiers in Psychiatry
DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00034PMC PMC6378305
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Abstract

Background: Recently discovered relationships between the gastrointestinal microbiome and the brain have implications for psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Bacterial transplantation from MDD patients to rodents produces depression-like behaviors. In humans, case-control studies have examined the gut microbiome in healthy and affected individuals. We systematically reviewed existing studies comparing gut microbial composition in MDD and healthy volunteers. Methods: A PubMed literature search combined the terms “depression,” “depressive disorder,” “stool,” “fecal,” “gut,” and “microbiome” to identify human case-control studies that investigated relationships between MDD and microbiota quantified from stool. We evaluated the resulting studies, focusing on bacterial taxa that were different between MDD and healthy controls. Results: Six eligible studies were found in which 50 taxa exhibited differences (p<0.05) between patients with MDD and controls. Patient characteristics and methodologies varied widely between studies. Five phyla—Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria and Protobacteria—were represented; however, divergent results occurred across studies for all phyla. The largest number of differentiating taxa were within phylum Firmicutes, in which nine families and twelve genera differentiated the diagnostic groups. The majority of these families and genera were found to be statistically different between the two groups in two studies identified. Family Lachnospiraceae differentiated the diagnostic groups in four studies (with an even split in directionality). Across all five phyla, nine genera were higher in MDD (Anaerostipes, Blautia, Clostridium, Klebsiella, Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis, Parabacteroides, Parasuterella, Phascolarctobacterium, and Streptococcus), six were lower (Bifidobacterium, Dialister, Escherichia/Shigella, Faecalibacterium, and Ruminococcus), and six were divergent (Alistipes, Bacteroides, Megamonas, Oscillibacter, Prevotella, and Roseburia). We highlight mechanisms and products of bacterial metabolism as they may relate to the etiology of depression. Conclusions: No consensus has emerged from existing human studies of depression and gut microbiome concerning which bacterial taxa are most relevant to depression. This may in part be due to differences in study design. Given that bacterial functions are conserved across taxonomic groups, we propose that studying microbial functioning may be more productive than a purely taxonomic approach to understanding the gut microbiome in depression.

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Cheung, S. G., Goldenthal, A. R., Uhlemann, A.-C., Mann, J. J., Miller, J. M., & Sublette, M. E.
Affiliations
  • Columbia University (US)
  • New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
  • Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Sublette, M. Elizabeth
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Psychiatry
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2019-02-11
Volume
10
Pages
34-34
ISSN
1664-0640 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00034
PMC
PMC6378305
OpenAlex
W2912729292
Cited by
597
References
25
Citations by year
2026: 44 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 93 · 2023: 90 · 2022: 96 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 25 · 2017: 1
FWCI
6.47
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Nathaniel Wharton Fund
  • National Institute of Mental Health (P50MH090964)
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI116939)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Keywords
gut microbiota, major depressive disorder, gut-brain axis, bacterial taxa, Firmicutes, Lachnospiraceae, bacterial metabolism, etiology of depression, fecal microbiota, mental illness, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Streptococcus, Blautia

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