The DOI matches its Crossref record; 77 of the 79 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 2 are not checked yet; none of the 136 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Growing interest on the effects of home telemonitoring on patients with chronic heart failure (HF) has led to a rise in the number of systematic reviews addressing the same or very similar research questions with a concomitant increase in discordant findings. Differences in the scope, methods of analysis, and methodological quality of systematic reviews can cause great confusion and make it difficult for policy makers and clinicians to access and interpret the available evidence and for researchers to know where knowledge gaps in the extant literature exist. OBJECTIVE: This overview aims to collect, appraise, and synthesize existing evidence from multiple systematic reviews on the effectiveness of home telemonitoring interventions for patients with chronic heart failure (HF) to inform policy makers, practitioners, and researchers. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library to identify all relevant, peer-reviewed systematic reviews published between January 1996 and December 2013. Reviews were searched and screened using explicit keywords and inclusion criteria. Standardized forms were used to extract data and the methodological quality of included reviews was appraised using the AMSTAR (assessing methodological quality of systematic reviews) instrument. Summary of findings tables were constructed for all primary outcomes of interest, and quality of evidence was graded by outcome using the GRADE (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) system. Post-hoc analysis and subgroup meta-analyses were conducted to gain further insights into the various types of home telemonitoring technologies included in the systematic reviews and the impact of these technologies on clinical outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 15 reviews published between 2003 and 2013 were selected for meta-level synthesis. Evidence from high-quality reviews with meta-analysis indicated that taken collectively, home telemonitoring interventions reduce the relative risk of all-cause mortality (0.60 to 0.85) and heart failure-related hospitalizations (0.64 to 0.86) compared with usual care. Absolute risk reductions ranged from 1.4%-6.5% and 3.7%-8.2%, respectively. Improvements in HF-related hospitalizations appeared to be more pronounced in patients with stable HF: hazard ratio (HR) 0.70 (95% credible interval [Crl] 0.34-1.5]). Risk reductions in mortality and all-cause hospitalizations appeared to be greater in patients who had been recently discharged (≤28 days) from an acute care setting after a recent HF exacerbation: HR 0.62 (95% CrI 0.42-0.89) and HR 0.67 (95% CrI 0.42-0.97), respectively. However, quality of evidence for these outcomes ranged from moderate to low suggesting that further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the observed estimates of effect and may change these estimates. The post-hoc analysis identified five main types of non-invasive telemonitoring technologies included in the systematic reviews: (1) video-consultation, with or without transmission of vital signs, (2) mobile telemonitoring, (3) automated device-based telemonitoring, (4) interactive voice response, and (5) Web-based telemonitoring. Of these, only automated device-based telemonitoring and mobile telemonitoring were effective in reducing the risk of all-cause mortality and HF-related hospitalizations. More research data are required for interactive voice response systems, video-consultation, and Web-based telemonitoring to provide robust conclusions about their effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: Future research should focus on understanding the process by which home telemonitoring works in terms of improving outcomes, identify optimal strategies and the duration of follow-up for which it confers benefits, and further investigate whether there is differential effectiveness between chronic HF patient groups and types of home telemonitoring technologies.
Checked 2026-10-06 · 2 references not checked yet
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This overview of 15 systematic reviews found that home telemonitoring for chronic heart failure was associated with reduced all-cause mortality and HF-related hospitalizations versus usual care, but the quality of evidence was moderate to low. Post-hoc analyses suggested only automated device-based and mobile telemonitoring were effective, while other technologies lacked robust data.
Key findings
- Across high-quality reviews with meta-analysis, home telemonitoring reduced the relative risk of all-cause mortality (0.60 to 0.85) and HF-related hospitalizations (0.64 to 0.86) compared with usual care; absolute risk reductions ranged from 1.4%-6.5% and 3.7%-8.2%, respectively.
- The strongest evidence (moderate quality) came from a Cochrane review: all-cause mortality RR 0.66 (95% CI 0.54-0.81) in 2710 patients/11 RCTs, ARR 5.2%, number needed to treat 19; HF-related hospitalizations RR 0.79 (95% CI 0.67-0.94) in 1570 patients/4 RCTs, ARR 6%.
- Recently discharged patients (≤28 days) showed greater reductions in mortality and all-cause hospitalizations: HR 0.62 (95% CrI 0.42-0.89) and HR 0.67 (95% CrI 0.42-0.97), respectively, but quality of evidence was low.
- Post-hoc analyses found automated device-based telemonitoring reduced all-cause mortality (RR 0.65 [0.54-0.79]) and HF-related hospitalizations (RR 0.77 [0.64-0.91]); mobile telemonitoring showed beneficial but statistically inconclusive trends; interactive voice response and video-consultation were not associated with benefit.
Methods
- Overview of systematic reviews: searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library through December 2013, updated December 2014; included 15 peer-reviewed systematic reviews published 2003-2013 (18 references), covering 105 primary HT studies.
- Data extraction, AMSTAR quality appraisal, GRADE evidence grading, summary-of-findings tables, citation overlap analysis, and a taxonomy classifying reviews by PICO characteristics.
- Post-hoc subgroup meta-analyses of RCTs by home telemonitoring technology used risk ratios, intention-to-treat analysis, Mantel-Haenszel method, and random-effects models; some included reviews used Bayesian credible intervals.
Limitations
- The paper states overviews are constrained by the quality and reporting of included reviews, publication lag, and overlap between reviews; only 3/15 reviews were high quality (AMSTAR ≥8), 4 were moderate, and 8 were low quality.
- The paper states evidence quality was moderate to low due to risk of bias, imprecision, and heterogeneity; most trials lacked details on randomization, allocation concealment, and blinding, and one third of trials contributing data received commercial funding.
- Evident from the text: the post-hoc technology analyses were exploratory, often based on few RCTs, and should be considered hypothesis-generating; the overview found no high-quality evidence for or against home telemonitoring effectiveness.
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Claims the paper makes
82 Own result · 55 Not checked yet · 35 No basis given · 10 Own interpretation · 9 Own method
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Improvements in HF-related hospitalizations appeared to be more pronounced in patients with stable HF: hazard ratio (HR) 0.70 (95% credible interval [Crl] 0.34-1.5]).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Abstract > Results
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Four systematic reviews (27%), in addition to HT investigated the effects of structured telephone support (STS) on patients with HF [33,34,37,41].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Description of the Included Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Evidence from high-quality reviews with meta-analysis indicated that taken collectively, home telemonitoring interventions reduce the relative risk of all-cause mortality (0.60 to 0.85) and heart failure-related hospitalizations (0.64 to 0.86) compared with usual care.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Abstract > Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Evidence from high-quality reviews with meta-analysis indicated that taken collectively, home telemonitoring interventions reduce the relative risk of all-cause mortality (0.60 to 0.85) and heart failure-related hospitalizations (0.64 to 0.86) compared with usual care. Absolute risk reductions ranged from 1.4%-6.5% and 3.7%-8.2%, respectively.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Abstract > Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, quality of evidence for these outcomes ranged from moderate to low suggesting that further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the observed estimates of effect and may change these estimates.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Abstract > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Seven reviews (47%) included only RCTs [33,34,36,37,41,43,47].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Description of the Included Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Risk reductions in mortality and all-cause hospitalizations appeared to be greater in patients who had been recently discharged (≤28 days) from an acute care setting after a recent HF exacerbation: HR 0.62 (95% CrI 0.42-0.89) and HR 0.67 (95% CrI 0.42-0.97), respectively.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Abstract > Results
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Evidence from high-quality reviews with meta-analysis indicated that taken collectively, home telemonitoring interventions reduce the relative risk of all-cause mortality (0.60 to 0.85) and heart failure-related hospitalizations (0.64 to 0.86) compared with usual care. Absolute risk reductions ranged from 1.4%-6.5% and 3.7%-8.2%, respectively.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Abstract > Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A total of 15 reviews published between 2003 and 2013 were selected for meta-level synthesis.”
- Also stated in: § Description of the Included Systematic Reviews · plain
“After completion of the screening process, we identified 15 systematic reviews for inclusion (18 references; 3 systematic reviews had duplicate publications) [33-50].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Description of the Included Systematic Reviews · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of these, only automated device-based telemonitoring and mobile telemonitoring were effective in reducing the risk of all-cause mortality and HF-related hospitalizations.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Abstract > Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The overall degree of overlap between the included reviews expressed as the mean ratio of cited to total pre-existing HT studies was 0.40 (95% CI 0.29-0.52) for RCTs, ranging from 0.11-1.00, and 0.25 (95% CI 0.1-0.42) for observational studies, ranging from 0.08-0.50.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Description of the Included Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The remaining reviews included studies with quasi-experimental and cohort designs.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Description of the Included Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Risk reductions in mortality and all-cause hospitalizations appeared to be greater in patients who had been recently discharged (≤28 days) from an acute care setting after a recent HF exacerbation: HR 0.62 (95% CrI 0.42-0.89) and HR 0.67 (95% CrI 0.42-0.97), respectively.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Abstract > Results
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The overall degree of overlap between the included reviews expressed as the mean ratio of cited to total pre-existing HT studies was 0.40 (95% CI 0.29-0.52) for RCTs, ranging from 0.11-1.00, and 0.25 (95% CI 0.1-0.42) for observational studies, ranging from 0.08-0.50.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Description of the Included Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Evidence from high-quality reviews with meta-analysis indicated that taken collectively, home telemonitoring interventions reduce the relative risk of all-cause mortality (0.60 to 0.85) and heart failure-related hospitalizations (0.64 to 0.86) compared with usual care.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Abstract > Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“While the majority of systematic reviews (10/15, 67%) summarized and reported relevant information about the type of physiological measures monitored in the included trials [33,34,37,38,41-44,47,49]”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Intervention
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [33] source
- Not checked yetcites [34] source
- Not checked yetcites [37] source
- Not checked yetcites [38] Louis, Amala A, 2003, Eur J Heart Fail source
- Not checked yetcites [41] source
- Not checked yetcites [42] source
- Not checked yetcites [43] source
- Not checked yetcites [44] source
- Not checked yetcites [47] source
- Not checked yetcites [49] TranKPolisenaJCoyleDCoyleKKlugeE-H WCimonKMcGillSNooraniHPalmerKScottRHome telehealth for chronic disease management [Technology report number 113]20082014-02-20OttawaCanadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Healthhttp://www.cadth.ca/en/products/health-technology-assessment/publication/8656WaW1n4zs
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“most reviews (8/15, 53%) did not provide sufficient details about the technology used in each of the included primary studies [33,34,36-40,45-47]”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Intervention
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [33] source
- Not checked yetcites [34] source
- Not checked yetcites [36] source
- Not checked yetcites [37] source
- Not checked yetcites [38] Louis, Amala A, 2003, Eur J Heart Fail source
- Not checked yetcites [39] source
- Not checked yetcites [40] source
- Not checked yetcites [45] source
- Not checked yetcites [46] source
- Not checked yetcites [47] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Also, out of the 15 systematic reviews, only two classified and analyzed HT interventions according to the technologies used [41,44].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Intervention
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, virtually all reviews treated HT as a “black box” making no attempts to investigate whether technological differences between HT interventions are associated with different effects.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Intervention
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The remaining reviews did not make this distinction and combined in their analysis studies with both recently discharged and stable HF patients.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Population
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Usual care varied across studies from in-person follow-up visits to a general practitioner or primary care provider to attendance at an outpatient clinic-based disease management program [33,34,36,37,47,49].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Comparison
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [33] source
- Not checked yetcites [34] source
- Not checked yetcites [36] source
- Not checked yetcites [37] source
- Not checked yetcites [47] source
- Not checked yetcites [49] TranKPolisenaJCoyleDCoyleKKlugeE-H WCimonKMcGillSNooraniHPalmerKScottRHome telehealth for chronic disease management [Technology report number 113]20082014-02-20OttawaCanadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Healthhttp://www.cadth.ca/en/products/health-technology-assessment/publication/8656WaW1n4zs
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Six systematic reviews included RCTs in which the control group received usual (routine) care.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Comparison
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“while three reviews did not provide any information at all about the included interventions [36,39-40].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Intervention
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This involved provision of post-discharge multidisciplinary care without intensified follow-up or home visits.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Comparison
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In five reviews [37,38,45-47], the description of the intervention extracted from the trials was reduced into just a few words presented in a summary table or within the text”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Intervention
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Six reviews reported that most participants in the included studies were NYHA class II-IV [34-35,37-39,47].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Population
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A total of seven reviews examined the impact of HT interventions on HF-related hospitalizations.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All reviews across the six taxonomy groups concluded that HT is effective in reducing the risk of all-cause mortality.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The ARR in all-cause hospitalizations with HT varied from 4.7%-13.8%.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Eleven reviews examined the effects of HT on all-cause mortality.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With respect to all-cause hospitalizations, most reviews reported beneficial effects with HT interventions.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“eight reviews were of low quality scoring less than 4 points.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Methodological Quality of Included Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“quality of evidence (Q8) was used in the interpretation of results in just four reviews.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Methodological Quality of Included Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Relative effects in meta-analyses that favored HT over usual care ranged from 0.99 (95% CI 0.88-1.11) [36] to 0.67 (95% CrI 0.42-0.97) [37].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Similar relative and absolute risk reductions were also observed in the other two meta-analyses that achieved lower AMSTAR scores [33,36].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results from two separate meta-analyses of RCTs that included patients with stable HF (ie, without any acute event or deterioration in the past 28 days prior to randomization) yielded markedly different results.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only three reviews were found to be of high quality, achieving a score of 8 or more on the 11-point AMSTAR scale (3/15, 20%).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Methodological Quality of Included Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Four reviews were of moderate quality, scoring between 4 and 7 points”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Methodological Quality of Included Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All of them reported beneficial effects with HT.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The absolute risk reduction (ARR) in mortality with HT ranged from 1.4% to 6.5%, respectively.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“As shown in Table 7, relative risk reductions in meta-analyses that achieved the highest AMSTAR score in each group of the taxonomy ranged from 15%, with hazard ratio (HR) 0.85 (95% credible interval [CrI] 0.59-1.2) [37] to 40%, with risk ratio (RR) 0.60 (95% CI 0.45-0.81) [35].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“some reviews had a focused scope of inquiry and used narrow inclusion criteria to examine the effects of HT interventions without home visits for clinical assessment or educational purposes versus usual care.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Classification of Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the moderate quality reviews, most received a rating of 5 or less”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Methodological Quality of Included Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“only 5 reviews assessed risk of bias in the primary studies (Q7)”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Methodological Quality of Included Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a closer examination of their PICO characteristics and criteria used for the selection of HT studies revealed several differences.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Classification of Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“One of the reviews [37] incorporated a network meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of different remote monitoring strategies versus usual care on adult HF patients who had been recently discharged home (≤28 days) from an acute care setting and also (in additional analyses) on patients with stable HF.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Classification of Reviews
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As shown in Table 8, the largest relative and absolute risk reduction was seen in recently discharged patients with HF, receiving HT with clinical support during office hours.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The impact of HT on hospital length of stay due to exacerbated HF events and/or any cause hospitalization was examined in eight reviews.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Risk reductions in mortality and all-cause hospitalizations appear to be greater in patients who have been recently discharged from an acute care setting after an HF exacerbation and are at high risk of re-hospitalization or sudden death, while improvements in HF-related hospitalizations appear to be more pronounced with 24/7 HT on patients with stable HF.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Discussion > Summary of the Evidence
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“while improvements in HF-related hospitalizations appear to be more pronounced with 24/7 HT on patients with stable HF.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Discussion > Summary of the Evidence
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Three reviews, all of which focused on RCTs, concluded that the impact of HT on length of stay was ambivalent [34,36,37].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neither of these studies reported results for the outcome of HF-related hospitalizations.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Reviews that incorporated observational studies in their analysis and a broader set of interventional studies with various comparator groups (eg, home visits and nurse telephone support) concluded that HT reduces length of stay [39,40,45].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In most reviews, data extraction and reporting pertaining to this outcome was inadequate, since authors focused on the statistical significance of study results rather than the direction and magnitude of effect [33-35,39,44].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Four categories of HT interventions were identified among the 20 RCTs that were cross-referenced in the three systematic reviews.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Four RCTs and 1 observational study across 6 systematic reviews (denoted in Figures 2 and 3 as “MT”) involved telemonitoring of patients with HF via the use of mobile devices such as mobile phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The effectiveness of IVR was examined in only two RCTs.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All studies showed a beneficial trend in reducing all-cause mortality (RR 0.67 [0.35-1.26], P=.21).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Seven RCTs and 9 observational studies across 14 systematic reviews involved real-time, two-way synchronous communication between patients and caregivers via the use of specialized videoconferencing equipment.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only two RCTs investigated the effectiveness of videoconferencing with trans-telephonic monitoring of vital signs.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first subgroup of studies (10 RCTs and 20 observational) employed patient-initiated electronic devices, such as wired or wireless weight scales and blood pressure monitors, capable of measuring and automatically transmitting data from the patient at home to a Web-based server through dedicated telecommunication stations (eg, modems or broadband connection boxes).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, such inferences were not supported by the study-level evidence they presented.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The impact of automated device-based telemonitoring on all-cause hospitalization was also positive but statistically inconclusive (RR 0.89 [0.76-1.05], P=.17).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A total of 23 RCTs and 37 observational studies across 15 systematic reviews utilized various non-invasive electronic devices, to support remote patient monitoring and automated transmission of vital signs and/or symptoms.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In 3 RCTs, patients were instructed to use on a daily basis external electronic devices that were interconnected via Bluetooth to their mobile phone or PDA allowing measurement and automatic forwarding of physiological parameters and vital signs (eg, electrocardiogram, blood pressure, weight) to a central server.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As described earlier, the extent to which various technological devices may have an impact on the effectiveness of HT has not been investigated systematically in previous reviews.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Looking both collectively and individually across the included systematic reviews, this overview demonstrates that there is no high-quality evidence for or against the effectiveness of HT interventions for HF patients.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Discussion > Summary of the Evidence
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All of them summarized the available evidence qualitatively owing to the different assessment instruments used in the primary studies.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results pertaining to all-cause hospitalizations were also associated with high statistical heterogeneity (I2 66%) due to differences in both direction and magnitude of effects between the included studies.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By carefully reading through the detailed descriptions of the interventions provided in the primary studies, we identified five main types of HT interventions as follows.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The third subgroup of studies (3 RCTs and 5 observational) cited across 6 systematic reviews involved the use of stand-alone, interactive symptom response devices without capability of transmission of physiological measures or vital signs.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we identified several key differences between them with respect to the scope of inquiry, study selection criteria, classification, and analysis of HT studies.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Discussion > Summary of the Evidence
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The systematic reviews included in our evidence synthesis covered a broad family of complex HT interventions rather than a standardized type of HT, involving various technologies and monitoring approaches that were supplemented with various other components in the context of comprehensive care programs (eg, clinical advice via telephone, patient education, and in some cases home visits).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Discussion > Summary of the Evidence
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although none of the systematic reviews used standardized instruments or validated methods to formally appraise the quality of economic evaluations in the original studies, most reviews criticized the methodologies adopted in these studies and strongly recommended that future research rigorously conduct cost-effectiveness assessments of HT in adequately powered RCTs.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Yet the bulk of the literature consists of low-quality and inconsistent evidence about the beneficial effects of HT on all-cause hospitalizations [34,37].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Discussion > Summary of the Evidence
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Meta-analysis of 12 RCTs comparing device-based telemonitoring with usual care showed a statistically significant relative reduction of 35% in all-cause mortality (RR 0.65 [0.54-0.79], P<.001).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One RCT and 4 observational studies cited across 2 systematic reviews examined the effectiveness of secured websites for the purpose of patient remote monitoring.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, there was no significant reduction in the relative risk of all-cause hospitalizations (RR 0.95 [0.85-1.06], P=.38).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although none of the systematic reviews used standardized instruments or validated methods to formally appraise the quality of economic evaluations in the original studies, most reviews criticized the methodologies adopted in these studies and strongly recommended that future research rigorously conduct cost-effectiveness assessments of HT in adequately powered RCTs.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, the relative risk of HF-related hospitalizations was reduced by 23% (RR 0.77 [0.64-0.91], P=.003).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A total of 3 RCTs and 5 observational studies cited across 9 systematic reviews utilized automated interactive voice response systems (similar to the ones used by airline companies and banks) that required manual input of data by the patient using the telephone keypad of their home or mobile telephone to send information concerning vital signs and symptoms to health care providers.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is moderate quality evidence that HT interventions with clinical support provided during office hours or 24/7 reduce the risk of all-cause mortality and HF-related hospitalizations compared to usual care.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Discussion > Summary of the Evidence
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The effectiveness of mobile telemonitoring versus usual care was examined in 4 RCTs.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the number of studies reporting this outcome was significantly smaller (5 RCTs).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, the relative risk of HF-related hospitalizations was reduced with mobile telemonitoring by 28% (RR 0.72 [0.42-1.26], P=.25).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Contrary to other types of HT interventions, use of IVR systems was not associated with reductions in the relative risk of all-cause mortality, all-cause hospitalizations, and HF hospitalizations in either of these trials.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, the remaining systematic reviews reached different conclusions [35,39,40,43,45].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Eight reviews included health-related quality of life as an outcome measure.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Identified cost reductions, taken individually and collectively, were mainly associated with savings from reduced expenditures on hospitalizations and, to a lesser extent, from home visits and patient travel costs.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the different forms and generations of HT that have emerged over the years as a result of the continuous technological advances and efforts to improve remote monitoring of patients with HF, most systematic reviews have treated HT as a black box, paying little or no attention to the technology component.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is evidence suggesting that tailoring the interventions to those who have been recently discharged from the hospital due to HF exacerbation and are at high risk of sudden death or re-hospitalization may be beneficial to the effectiveness of the treatment strategy.”
- Also stated in: § Conclusions · hedged
“Patients who have been recently discharged (≤28 days) from an acute care setting and are at high risk of re-hospitalization or sudden death appear to benefit more from HT programs compared to patients with stable HF”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Discussion > Implications for Policy and Practice
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Conclusions · hedged
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With respect to the effects of HT on hospital length of stay and quality of life, there is no consistent evidence from which to draw robust conclusions.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Discussion > Summary of the Evidence
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, the favorable effects of HT reported in previous systematic reviews are based on moderate or low-quality evidence.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Discussion > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“given our observation that 80% (12/15) of the systematic reviews assessed in this overview had moderate or major methodological limitations”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Discussion > Implications for Research
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results of the post-hoc analyses suggest that only interventions involving automated device-based telemonitoring and mobile telemonitoring are effective in reducing the risk of all-cause mortality and HF-related hospitalizations.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Discussion > Conclusions
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This methodological deficiency gave rise to unit-of-analysis errors, as authors often mixed study results from these two different outcomes.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Outcomes
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“HT interventions with clinical support during office hours yielded a smaller relative effect for recently discharged patients than patients with stable HF (HR 0.86 [95% CrI 0.61-1.21] versus HR 0.70 [95% CrI 0.34-1.50]).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“which suggests that these reviews along with the ones of low quality may be at risk of important bias.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Methodological Quality of Included Systematic Reviews
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Evidence from a more recent review [37] suggests that improvements in survival rates with HT are more pronounced in patients who have been recently discharged from the hospital (HR 0.62 [95% CrI 0.42-0.89]; ARR 5% [95% CI -1.4 to -7.8]) than patients without any acute event or deterioration in the past 28 days before randomization (HR 0.85 [95% CrI 0.59-1.20]; ARR 1.4% [95% CI -3.9 to 1.9]).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“| | Population: Stable and recently discharged patients | 1570 (4 studies) 8-12 months | MODERATE due to risk of biase | RR 0.79 (0.67 to 0.94) | 285 per 1000 | 60 fewer per 1000 (from 17 fewer to 94 fewer) |”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“| | Population: Patients with stable heart failure | 1267 (5 studies) 6-12 months | LOW due to risk of bias, imprecisione,f | HR 1.17 (0.89 to 1.59)h | 357 per 1000 | 47 more per 1000 (from 32 fewer to 148 more) |”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“| | Population: Stable and recently discharged patients | 787 (3 studies) 3-12 months | LOW due to risk of bias, imprecisione,f | RR 0.79 (0.66 to 0.94) | 438 per 1000 | 92 fewer per 1000 (from 26 fewer to 149 fewer) |”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [35] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“| | Population: Stable and recently discharged patients | 2343 (8 studies) 6-12 months | LOW due to risk of bias, inconsistency, and imprecisione-g | RR 0.91 (0.84 to 0.99) | 521 per 1000 | 47 fewer per 1000 (from 5 fewer to 83 fewer) |”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“| | Population: Recently discharged patients (≤28 days) | 755 (2 studies) 6-8 months | LOW due to risk of bias and imprecisione,f | HR 0.86 (0.61 to 1.21)g | 315 per 1000 | 37 fewer per 1000 (from 109 fewer to 52 more) |”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“HT with clinical support provided during office hours increased the risk of all-cause hospitalizations in patients with stable HF by 17% (HR 1.17 [95% CrI 0.89-1.59], with an absolute risk increase of 4.7% [95% -3.2 to 14.8]).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These reviews indicated minimal bias in their design and execution.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Methodological Quality of Included Systematic Reviews
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“| | Population: Patients with stable heart failure | 432 (2 studies) 12 months | LOW due to risk of bias and imprecisione,f | HR 0.70 (0.34 to 1.5)g | 221 per 1000 | 61 fewer per 1000 (from 139 fewer to 91 more) |”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the magnitude and uncertainty of the reported estimates varied considerably across reviews due to differences in the inclusion, classification, and analysis of HT studies.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“However, quality of evidence was low for this finding, suggesting that further research is very likely to have an important impact on this estimate.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results were statistically inconclusive owing to the small number of patients and events in the included RCTs.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strongest evidence (moderate quality) comes from the Cochrane review that compared the effects of HT without home visits or intensified attendance at cardiology clinics with usual care.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plaindirectn = 2,710- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the generally favorable effects of HT observed in the reviews, quality of evidence was consistently low for the outcome of all-cause hospitalizations due to risk of bias in the primary studies and statistical heterogeneity in the meta-analyses.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Findings from a recent review [37] suggest that improvements in HF-related hospitalizations might be more pronounced in patients with stable HF receiving telemonitoring with clinical support during 24/7 (HR 0.64 [95% CrI 0.34-1.14]).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“| | Population: Patients with stable heart failure | 1170 (3 studies) 12-24 months | LOW due to risk of bias and imprecisione,f | HR 0.64 (0.34 to 1.14)g | 251 per 1000 | 82 fewer per 1000 (from 157 fewer to 30 more) |”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“| | Population: Patients with stable heart failure | 1258 (3 studies) 12-24 months | LOW due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecisione-g | HR 0.84 (0.54 to 1.15)h | 474 per 1000 | 57 fewer per 1000 (from 181 fewer to 48 more) |”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“| | Population: Recently discharged patients (≤28 days) | 831 (5 studies) 6-12 months | LOW due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecisione-g | HR 0.67 (0.42 to 0.97)h | 569 per 1000 | 138 fewer per 1000 (from 11 fewer to 271 fewer) |”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To our knowledge, it is the first synthesis of systematic reviews to take a broad perspective on evidence-based telemonitoring in HF.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Discussion > Summary of the Evidence
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
In the paper
“One review of both RCTs and observational studies that focused explicitly on cost savings as an outcome found direct cost reductions to the health care system from HT compared to usual care, which ranged between 1.6% and 68.3% [42].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [42] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, results for both of these outcomes were statistically inconclusive owing to the small number and size of RCTs in this group.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is also the first overview to investigate the nature of the link between different types of HT technologies and outcomes.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Discussion > Summary of the Evidence
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
In the paper
“The effects of HT will most likely be better when the technology is used as part of a comprehensive and integrated care package that involves various multidisciplinary program components recommended by clinical guidelines [62], for example, patient education, appropriate pharmacological treatment, and psychological support.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Discussion > Implications for Policy and Practice
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [62] source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The key to the success of these programs is not the technology itself, but the coordination of care that needs to be in place along the continuum of health services delivered for HF patients within a health care system [62].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Discussion > Implications for Policy and Practice
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [62] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 42
- It may state two separate claims as one. 40
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, findings from these distinctively different interventions were analyzed and reported separately. Therefore, data extracted and presented in Table 2 from these reviews pertain only to the HT studies and not the STS ones.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Description of the Included Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After screening titles and abstracts, we retrieved 65 reviews in full text for further assessment.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Description of the Included Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Seven reviews (based on the corresponding author) originated in North America (Canada=5 and United States=2), 6 in Europe (United Kingdom=3, Greece=1, Netherlands=1, Spain=1), and 2 in Australia.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Description of the Included Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“our search (up to December 13, 2013) yielded 4683 citations after removal of 771 duplicate references.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Description of the Included Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This process yielded 8 more reviews.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Description of the Included Systematic Reviews
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The total number of identified studies was 105; 38 (36%) referring to RCTs and 67 (64%) to observational studies.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Description of the Included Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After further assessment, we excluded 55 articles that did not meet our eligibility criteria.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Description of the Included Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All reviews were published in peer-reviewed journals.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Description of the Included Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reviews were published between 2003 and 2013, with more than half (n=9) published in 2009 or later.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Description of the Included Systematic Reviews
plainn = 9- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The number of HT studies identified and included in the reviews ranged from 4 to 42: mean 17.53 (SD 11.4).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Description of the Included Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, two systematic reviews were initially published as Health Technology Assessment reports and one as a Cochrane review.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Description of the Included Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The post-hoc analysis identified five main types of non-invasive telemonitoring technologies included in the systematic reviews: (1) video-consultation, with or without transmission of vital signs, (2) mobile telemonitoring, (3) automated device-based telemonitoring, (4) interactive voice response, and (5) Web-based telemonitoring.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Five reviews (33%) contained meta-analysis for at least one primary outcome of interest, while the remaining 10 used narrative synthesis.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Description of the Included Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The NYHA class of participants in all but one review ranged from I to IV.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Population
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“One review [37] focused primarily on HF patients who had been recently discharged (within 28 days) from an acute care setting after a recent HF exacerbation and conducted additional analyses to assess whether or not the results from these studies differed markedly from the results of studies that included patients with stable HF.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Population
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reviews consisted of a family of complex HT interventions, rather than a single type, involving various telehealth devices”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Intervention
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, reporting of the active ingredients of these interventions was often poor in the included reviews and not consistently performed for all primary studies (eg, [36,38-40,46,47]).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Intervention
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The remaining reviews, in addition to usual care, included RCTs that compared HT with other relevant comparators (eg, home visits or telephone support).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Comparison
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The highest reported mean age in a study was 85 years [36] and the lowest was 48 years [39].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Population
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most frequently reported outcomes included all-cause mortality (11/15, 73%), hospital re-admissions (13/15, 87%), costs (12/15, 80%), and length of stay (9/15, 60%).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Outcomes
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the majority of systematic reviews reported the mean age (12/15, 80%) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class of the participants (10/15, 67%).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Population
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Six reviews made a distinction between all-cause and HF-related hospitalizations, while the remaining reviews did not.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Outcomes
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Relative risk reductions in the four reviews that incorporated meta-analysis ranged from 14% (HR 0.86 [95% CI 0.61-1.21)] [37] to 36% (HR 0.64 [95% CrI 0.34-1.14]), while the ARR in HF-related hospitalizations extended from 3.7%-8.2%.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The ratio of cited to total published observational studies remained the same, as virtually all reviews that included studies with observational designs were classified in the same group (Comparison 6).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Classification of Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, the analysis yielded a mean ratio of 0.87 (95% CI 0.29-1.44) for RCTs in Comparison group 1, a mean ratio of 0.66 (95% CI 0.43-0.90) for RCTs in Comparison group 5, and a mean ratio of 0.48 (95% CI 0.28-0.67) for RCTs in Comparison group 6.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Classification of Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Remote monitoring strategies included STS, HT with clinical support during offices hours, and HT with clinical support provided 24/7.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Classification of Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The remaining six summarized the available evidence narratively using various qualitative or semi-quantitative techniques [38,39,41,43,45].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Compliance, acceptability, emergency room visits, and patient satisfaction were reported in less than half of the reviews and thus were excluded from our analysis.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Outcomes
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The methodological quality of the reviews varied considerably, and many of them had important limitations (Table 5).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Methodological Quality of Included Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Of them, five pooled study results into a meta-analysis [33-37].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Other reviews had a broader scope of inquiry and examined the effects of HT interventions (with or without home visits) versus a variety of comparison interventions, including usual care, nursing telephone support, and/or home care.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Classification of Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, reviews concluded that HT improved quality of life.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“For example, in one of the high-quality reviews, the authors concluded that HT improves quality of life, but only three of the seven studies that reported data for this outcome found positive and statistically significant improvements.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These included (1) automated device-based telemonitoring (TM and TM+), (2) mobile telemonitoring (MT), (3) automated interactive voice response (IVR), and (4) video-consultation with trans-telephonic vital signs monitoring (VC+).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These interventions were further categorized into three mutually exclusive subgroups, based on the technological characteristics of the intervention, as well as methods of data collection and transmission.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the other two studies, the process of measurement and transmission was not automated.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Two used structured telephone support only (denoted in Figure 3 as “STS”), while a third study used a pager to transmit computer-generated reminders to the patient to take medications, weigh themselves, and measure their blood pressure and heart rate.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No significant differences were found for all-cause mortality (RR 0.95 [0.35-2.53], P=.91) owing to the small number of patients and events.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Three observational studies cited across 4 systematic reviews involved the use of other communication platforms that could not be classified under any of the above categories.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Eleven reviews examined the effects of HT interventions on cost savings, but none of them pooled results into a meta-analysis due to the inconsistency in cost-analysis methods used in the original studies.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As shown at the bottom of Table 10, when considered collectively, HT interventions without home visits are associated with a statistically significant, relative risk reduction of all-cause mortality (RR 0.73 [0.62-0.85], P<.001) and HF-related hospitalizations (RR 0.79 [0.69-0.91], P=.001) of 27% and 21%, respectively.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the remaining studies (1 RCT and 3 observational), the intervention involved use of stand-alone videoconferencing equipment without transmission of vital signs.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This overview appraised and summarized evidence from 15 systematic reviews assessing the effects of HT interventions on patients with HF.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Discussion > Summary of the Evidence
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Eight reviews concurred that the impact of HT interventions on health care costs appeared to be positive in more cases than not, but in general results were statistically inconclusive and varied depending on the context and specific national health system of the study [34,36,38,39,41,43,44,47].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies that involved telemonitoring of vital signs and symptoms through individualized symptom response systems (TM+) yielded slightly smaller effects with respect to all-cause mortality and all-cause hospitalizations than studies involving telemonitoring of vital signs only (TM). However, this difference was not statistically significant.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Evidence about cost-effectiveness remains limited, and there are no reliable data on the long-term benefits and economic implications of HT interventions [51].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Discussion > Summary of the Evidence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [51] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As shown in this overview, there exists a considerable body of evidence evaluating the effectiveness of HT interventions for patients with HF.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Discussion > Implications for Research
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results from the principal analysis of this overview suggest that compared with usual care, HT interventions improve survival rates and reduce the risk of HF-related hospitalizations.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Discussion > Conclusions
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Quality of evidence in included systematic reviews was assessed by outcome using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system criteria [17-27].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Methods > Quality of Evidence in Included Systematic Reviews
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [17] source
- Not checked yetcites [18] source
- Not checked yetcites [19] source
- Not checked yetcites [20] source
- Not checked yetcites [21] source
- Not checked yetcites [22] source
- Not checked yetcites [23] source
- Not checked yetcites [24] source
- Not checked yetcites [25] source
- Not checked yetcites [26] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“AMSTAR is a validated instrument that uses 11 items to assess the degree to which review methods are unbiased.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Methods > Quality Assessment of Included Reviews
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, quality of evidence for these outcomes ranged from moderate to low suggesting that further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the observed estimates of effect and may change these estimates.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Abstract > Results
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In cases where reviews had not performed a risk of bias assessment, we performed this task independently using the six criteria of the Cochrane Collaboration tool [28].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Methods > Quality of Evidence in Included Systematic Reviews
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [28] Higgins, Julian PT, 2008, Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“The methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was independently assessed by the first two authors using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) tool [16].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Methods > Quality Assessment of Included Reviews
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“As shown below, the Cochrane Collaboration methodology [11] and available methodological guidelines for overviews of reviews [12,13] were rigorously applied throughout this study.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Methods > Overview
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Full-text articles were then retrieved and independently assessed for inclusion by the first 2 authors.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Methods > Selection of Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“It can be particularly helpful for those living in remote and rural areas, the elderly and frail who are housebound, as well as those at high risk of deterioration [5].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5] source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No language restrictions were applied.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Methods > Search Methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Overviews of systematic reviews are an efficient way to gather and summarize in a single source the best available evidence on the effectiveness of interventions.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To ensure consistency of assessment between the 2 assessors, we developed decision support rules for scoring each criterion (Multimedia Appendix 2).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Methods > Quality Assessment of Included Reviews
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data were extracted by the first author and were verified for accuracy by the second.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Methods > Data Extraction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the preliminary stage, all titles and abstracts were screened by the first author according to the pre-specified inclusion criteria described in Table 1.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Methods > Selection of Systematic Reviews
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“A recent critical review indicated that among all chronic conditions, HF has attracted the highest number of primary studies and systematic reviews [7].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Searches were supplemented by manual searching of two relevant scientific journals (ie, Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare and Telemedicine and e-Health) and screening of relevant reviews’ bibliographies.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Methods > Search Methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As shown in Table 9, the strongest evidence (moderate quality) comes from a high-quality meta-analysis of 4 large RCTs (N=1570 patients), which found statistically significant risk reductions of 21% in HF-related hospitalizations with HT versus usual care, equating to an ARR of 6% (95% CI-1.7 to -9.7) [34].”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34] source
plaindirectn = 1,570- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“While HT with 24/4 clinical support yielded beneficial but marginally lower relative effects than those observed in recently discharged patients: HR 0.84 (95% CrI 0.54-1.15); ARR 5.7% (-1.8 to 4.8%).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“In the pooling of all-cause mortality data from 11 RCTs involving 2710 patients with HF, HT resulted in statistically significant risk reduction of 34% (RR 0.66 [95% CI 0.54-0.81]); an ARR of 5.2% (95% CI -2.9 to -7.1), equating to a number needed to treat of 19 to postpone one death.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34] source
plaindirectn = 2,710- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, results were statistically inconclusive and the overall quality of evidence was found to be low, suggesting that these estimates should be interpreted with caution until more evidence accumulates.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We were able to extract data from all 105 primary studies, with the exception of 8 observational studies that could not be retrieved.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“these findings should be interpreted with caution and be considered as hypothesis generating rather than hypothesis testing due to the exploratory nature of our investigation.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Discussion > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Systematic reviews of home telemonitoring for heart failure have produced discordant findings in terms of direction and magnitude of home telemonitoring effects.
“Growing interest on the effects of home telemonitoring on patients with HF has led to a rise in the number of reviews addressing the same or very similar research questions with a concurrent increase in discordant findings in terms of direction and magnitude of HT effects.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Differences in scope, methods of analysis, results, and quality of systematic reviews make it difficult for policy makers to access and interpret review-level evidence and for researchers to identify evidence gaps.
“Differences in scope, methods of analysis, results, and quality of systematic reviews can cause great confusion and make it difficult for policy makers to access the review-level evidence, and for researchers to know where gaps in the evidence exist.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Home telemonitoring enables early detection of clinical decompensation in patients with heart failure, allowing timely intervention to prevent mortality events or further deterioration necessitating hospitalization.
“By allowing clinical data to be remotely collected on a regular basis, HT can enable early detection of clinical decompensation in patients with HF, allowing for timely intervention to prevent mortality events or further deterioration of the patient’s condition necessitating hospitalization and use of more resources.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A recent metareview of heart failure telemonitoring interventions showed a reduction in all-cause mortality (relative risk 0.60-0.85) and heart failure hospitalizations (relative risk 0.64-0.86) in an analysis of 15 meta-analyses [74].”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Discussion > Conclusions
“The results of the post-hoc analyses suggest that only interventions involving automated device-based telemonitoring and mobile telemonitoring are effective in reducing the risk of all-cause mortality and HF-related hospitalizations.”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Opening the Black Box of Home Telemonitoring Technologies
“However, results for both of these outcomes were statistically inconclusive owing to the small number and size of RCTs in this group.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Outcomes
“costs (12/15, 80%)”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
“Eleven reviews examined the effects of HT interventions on cost savings”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Outcomes
“length of stay (9/15, 60%)”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
“The impact of HT on hospital length of stay due to exacerbated HF events and/or any cause hospitalization was examined in eight reviews.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“24 studies (6 RCTs, 12 observational)”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Description of the Included Systematic Reviews
Reported 24 · recomputed 18
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
“ARR 5.7% (-1.8 to 4.8%).”
§ Effects of Home Telemonitoring Interventions on Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews > Results > Home Telemonitoring Effects
“57 fewer per 1000 (from 181 fewer to 48 more)”
Citations
Cites
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 · Cited by 64,042 · cited 1×
“Finally, given our observation that 80% (12/15) of the systematic reviews assessed in this overview had moderate or major methodological limitations, researchers are strongly encouraged to closely adhere to the available methodological and reporting guidelines for systematic reviews [70-72] and consider the AMSTAR eva…”
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100 · Cited by 28,164 · cited 1×
“…limitations, researchers are strongly encouraged to closely adhere to the available methodological and reporting guidelines for systematic reviews [70-72] and consider the AMSTAR evaluation criteria [16] in order to improve the methodological rigor and reporting quality of their work.”
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series
(2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470712184 · Cited by 25,048 · cited 1×
“Finally, given our observation that 80% (12/15) of the systematic reviews assessed in this overview had moderate or major methodological limitations, researchers are strongly encouraged to closely adhere to the available methodological and reporting guidelines for systematic reviews [70-72] and consider the AMSTAR eva…”
Dermyshi, E., Wang, Y., Yan, C., Hong, W., Qiu, G., Gong, X., & Zhang, T. (2017) · Neonatology · doi:10.1159/000454668 · Cited by 24,586
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., Burri, H., Butler, J., Čelutkienė, J., Chioncel, O. D., et al. (2021) · PubMed · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab670 · Cited by 20,604
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005 · Cited by 19,575
Wang, G., Ma, R., Qiao, G., Wada, K., Aizawa, Y., & Satoh, T. (2015) · Integrative Medicine International · doi:10.1159/000368408 · Cited by 18,762
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009) · doi:10.1002/9780470743386 · Cited by 14,225
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Jadad, A R, 1997, CMAJ, 156, 1411
- ESC Press OfficeIndividualised treatment for heart failure is rarely available outside hospital - New telemonitoring systems could ‘radically’ change the situation200905302014-09-20http://www.escardio.org/about/press/press-releases/pr-09/Pages/Individualised-treatment-HF-hospital.aspxESC Press release Heart Failure Congress 2009http://www.escardio.org/about/press/press-releases/pr-09/Pages/Individualised-treatment-HF-hospital.aspx6WaYcS3L3
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kamal, S. A., Shafiq, M., & Kakria, P. (2019) · Technology in Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2019.101212 · Cited by 1,044
“Patients feel that adopting to telemedicine services will be useful only if it will lead to faster delivery of health care services with the low-cost of medical inspection, improved documentation and reduced service time of health care [49].”
BackgroundHanlon, P., Daines, L., Campbell, C., McKinstry, B., Weller, D., & Pinnock, H. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.6688 · Cited by 499
“86) in an analysis of 15 meta-analyses [74].”
Bringing health care to the patient
Hashiguchi, T. C. O. (2020) · OECD health working papers · doi:10.1787/8e56ede7-en · Cited by 588
Effectiveness of mHealth interventions for patients with diabetes: An overview of systematic reviews
Kitsiou, S., Paré, G., Jaana, M., & Gerber, B. S. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173160 · Cited by 415
Self-citationRemote Patient Monitoring: A Systematic Review
Farias, F. A. C. D., Dagostini, C. M., Bicca, Y. D. A., Falavigna, V. F., & Falavigna, A. (2020) · Telemedicine and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2019.0066 · Cited by 338
Metadata
- Authors
- Kitsiou, S., Paré, G., & Jaana, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- HEC Montréal (CA)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Kitsiou, Spyros
- Venue
- Journal of Medical Internet Research
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2015-03-12
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e63
- ISSN
- 1438-8871 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4376138
- OpenAlex
- W2074454475
- Semantic Scholar
- 498b1218d10c77894f3f577d87d5854f58e95106
- Cited by
- 327
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 11
- FWCI
- 4.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Medical Internet Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- McMaster University
- Canada Research Chairs
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Keywords
- home health monitoring, chronic heart failure, heart failure hospitalization, all-cause mortality, methodological quality of systematic reviews, AMSTAR, GRADE quality of evidence, heart failure exacerbation, patient-reported outcomes, quality of life, health-related quality of life, patient satisfaction
- MeSH terms
- Chronic Disease, Heart Failure, Hospitalization, Humans, Monitoring, Physiologic, Review Literature as Topic, Telemetry, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Telemedicine
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-06, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-06 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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