Implicit Voice Theories: Taken-for-Granted Rules of Self-Censorship at Work
Abstract
In four studies, we examine implicit voice theories—taken-for-granted beliefs about when and why speaking up at work is risky or inappropriate. In Study 1, interview data from a large corporation suggest that fine-grained implicit theories underlie reluctance to voice even pro-organizational suggestions. Study 2 survey data address the generalizability of the implicit theories identified in Study 1. Studies 3 and 4 develop survey measures for five such theories, establishing the measures' discriminant validity and incremental predictive validity for workplace silence. Collectively, our results indicate that implicit voice theories are widely held and significantly augment explanation of workplace silence.
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Prohibitive voice can lead to negative consequences for the speaker, including managerial retaliation, strained workplace relationships, or exclusion from important decision-making processes.
“prohibitive voice can lead to negative consequences for the speaker, including managerial retaliation, strained workplace relationships, or exclusion from important decision-making processes13–16.”
From Leader prohibitive voice shapes employee voice through psychological safety moderated by self-efficacy and generational differences (2025) · cites this paper as [14]
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Employees’ Social Context and Change-Oriented Citizenship
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Towards an integration of employee voice and silence
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Leveraging the employee voice: a multi-level social learning perspective of ethical leadership
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Does inclusive leadership incite innovative work behavior?
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Amplifying Voice in Organizations
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- Authors
- Detert, J. R., & Edmondson, A. C.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Academy of Management Journal
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 461-488
- ISSN
- 0001-4273 (ISSN-L)
- 1948-0989
- OpenAlex
- W2028351868
- Cited by
- 998
- References
- 117
- Citations by year
- 2026: 172 · 2025: 74 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 81 · 2021: 90 · 2020: 94 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 46.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Academy of Management Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Diversity and Inequality
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
- Keywords
- workplace silence, self-censorship, speaking up, mindset
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