Objectively measured light-intensity physical activity is independently associated with 2-h plasma glucose
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OBJECTIVE—We examined the associations of objectively measured sedentary time, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity with fasting and 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose in Australian adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 67 men and 106 women (mean age ± SD 53.3 ± 11.9 years) without diagnosed diabetes were recruited from the 2004–2005 Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study. Physical activity was measured by Actigraph accelerometers worn during waking hours for 7 consecutive days and summarized as sedentary time (accelerometer counts/min <100; average hours/day), light-intensity (counts/min 100-1951), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity (counts/min ≥1,952). An oral glucose tolerance test was used to ascertain 2-h plasma glucose and fasting plasma glucose. RESULTS—After adjustment for confounders (including waist circumference), sedentary time was positively associated with 2-h plasma glucose (b = 0.29, 95% CI 0.11–0.48, P = 0.002); light-intensity activity time (b = −0.25, −0.45 to −0.06, P = 0.012) and moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity time (b = −1.07, −1.77 to −0.37, P = 0.003) were negatively associated. Light-intensity activity remained significantly associated with 2-h plasma glucose following further adjustment for moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity (b = −0.22, −0.42 to −0.03, P = 0.023). Associations of all activity measures with fasting plasma glucose were nonsignificant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS—These data provide the first objective evidence that light-intensity physical activity is beneficially associated with blood glucose and that sedentary time is unfavorably associated with blood glucose. These objective data support previous findings from studies using self-report measures, and suggest that substituting light-intensity activity for television viewing or other sedentary time may be a practical and achievable preventive strategy to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Physical activity improves inflammation directly by lowering postprandial glucose and indirectly by reducing excess abdominal fat.
“Physical activity improves inflammation directly by lowering post-prandial glucose, and indirectly by reducing excess abdominal fat (39).”
From Dietary Strategies for Improving Post-Prandial Glucose, Lipids, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Health (2008) · cites this paper as [39]
The Results report that physical activity was associated with lower 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose, even after adjustment for waist circumference. The paper does not show that activity reduces inflammation or abdominal fat, and its limitations section says the cross-sectional data cannot establish causality. Page numbers are not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the same study, cumulative sedentary time was associated with higher 2-hour glucose levels.
“The same study showed that cumulative sedentary time was associated with higher 2-h glucose levels (39).”
From Dietary Strategies for Improving Post-Prandial Glucose, Lipids, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Health (2008) · cites this paper as [39]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn 173 nondiabetic individuals, cumulative daily physical activity, even light-intensity activity, was associated in a dose-dependent fashion with lower 2-hour post-challenge glucose levels but not fasting glucose levels.
“A recent study using continuous objective activity monitoring in 173 nondiabetic individuals found that cumulative daily physical activity, even light-intensity activity, was associated in a dose-dependent fashion with lower 2-h post-challenge glucose levels (but not fasting glucose levels) (Fig. 8).”
From Dietary Strategies for Improving Post-Prandial Glucose, Lipids, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Health (2008) · cites this paper as [39]
Even light activity, though it uses low-intensity contractions, improves glucose tolerance test results and is distinct from sitting without muscle activity.
“While light physical activity is associated with rather low-intensity muscle contractions, it still has favorable improvements on plasma glucose in glucose tolerance tests (228), and differs substantially from the absence of muscle activity while sitting”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [228]
Light activities, even below moderate intensity, can provide health benefits.
“Interestingly, light activities, even done below the moderate-intensity level (eg, daily tasks done while standing or walking slowly), can provide health benefits [19-21].”
From A Community-Based Physical Activity Counselling Program for People With Knee Osteoarthritis: Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of the Track-OA Study (2017) · cites this paper as [19]
Time spent in LIPA might have effects independent of time spent on MVPA.
“Similarly, time spent in LIPA might have effects independent of time spent on MVPA [7]”
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- Authors
- Healy, G. N., Dunstan, D. W., Salmon, J., Cerin, E., Shaw, J. E., Zimmet, P. Z., & Owen, N.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- International Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Deakin University (AU)
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2007-06-01
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1384-1389
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2136548931
- Cited by
- 627
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 66 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 68
- FWCI
- 16.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) (submittedVersion)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- AstraZeneca
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Sanofi
- Queensland Health
- Pratt Foundation
- Australian Government
- Diabetes Australia
- Kidney Health Australia
- Queensland Government
- Novo Nordisk
- NSW Ministry of Health
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research
- Merck Sharp and Dohme
- Eli Lilly Australia
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council (233200, 301200)
- National Medical Research Council
- Cilag
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- light physical activity, sedentary behavior, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, 2-hour plasma glucose, fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance, accelerometer-measured activity, type 2 diabetes risk, cardiovascular risk, television viewing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Fasting, Female, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Regression Analysis, Wakefulness, Exercise
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