The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Controls Circadian Energy Metabolism and Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity
Open accessAbstract
Disturbances in the circadian system are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we studied the direct contribution of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the central pacemaker in the circadian system, in the development of insulin resistance. Exclusive bilateral SCN lesions in male C57Bl/6J mice, as verified by immunochemistry, showed a small but significant increase in body weight (+17%), which was accounted for by an increase in fat mass. In contrast, mice with collateral damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus and paraventricular nucleus showed severe obesity and insulin resistance. Mice with exclusive SCN ablation revealed a loss of circadian rhythm in activity, oxygen consumption, and food intake. Hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp analysis 8 weeks after lesioning showed that the glucose infusion rate was significantly lower in SCN lesioned mice compared with sham-operated mice (−63%). Although insulin potently inhibited endogenous glucose production (−84%), this was greatly reduced in SCN lesioned mice (−7%), indicating severe hepatic insulin resistance. Our data show that SCN malfunctioning plays an important role in the disturbance of energy balance and suggest that an absence of central clock activity, in a genetically intact animal, may lead to the development of insulin resistance.
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This rhythm is independent of food availability and depends on a functioning central clock.
“This rhythm is independent of food availability and depends on a functioning central clock 21, 76, 77.”
From The Circadian Syndrome: is the Metabolic Syndrome and much more! (2019) · cites this paper as [76]
A high-fat diet may alter the function of the circadian clock, with an altered period of the locomotor activity rhythm and changes in the rhythms of core clock genes in adipose and liver tissue.
“Even a high-fat diet may alter the function of the circadian clock, with an altered period of the locomotor activity rhythm and changes in the rhythms of the core clock genes in adipose and liver tissue [35–40,49].”
From Circadian control of glucose metabolism (2014) · cites this paper as [49]
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Should we listen to our clock to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus?
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- Authors
- Coomans, C. P., van den Berg, S. A. A., Lucassen, E. A., Houben, T., Pronk, A. C. M., van der Spek, R. D., Kalsbeek, A., Biermasz, N. R., Willems van Dijk, K., Romijn, J. A., & Meijer, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Coomans, Claudia P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2013-03-14
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1102-1108
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- PMC
- PMC3609590
- OpenAlex
- W2168242005
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 16
- FWCI
- 6.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- TNO Repository (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- KNAW Research Portal (The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) (submittedVersion)
- Repository hosted by TU Delft Library (TU Delft) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Universiteit Leiden
- ZonMw (818.02.016, 91207036)
- Diabetes Fonds (2007.00.010)
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Top Institute Pharma (T2-105)
- Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- suprachiasmatic nucleus, circadian clock, insulin resistance, hepatic insulin sensitivity, type 2 diabetes, energy metabolism, obesity, fat mass, ventromedial hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus, glucose production, glucose infusion rate, circadian rhythm, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Body Composition, Body Weight, Calorimetry, Indirect, Circadian Rhythm, Energy Metabolism, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Liver, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Glucose Clamp Technique, Mice
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