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Effect of a High-Protein, Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Blood Glucose Control in People With Type 2 Diabetes

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Gannon, Mary C., Nuttall, Frank Q.·2004·Diabetes

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Abstract

There has been interest in the effect of various types and amounts of dietary carbohydrates and proteins on blood glucose. On the basis of our previous data, we designed a high-protein/low-carbohydrate, weight-maintaining, nonketogenic diet. Its effect on glucose control in people with untreated type 2 diabetes was determined. We refer to this as a low-biologically-available-glucose (LoBAG) diet. Eight men were studied using a randomized 5-week crossover design with a 5-week washout period. The carbohydrate:protein:fat ratio of the control diet was 55:15:30. The test diet ratio was 20:30:50. Plasma and urinary β-hydroxybutyrate were similar on both diets. The mean 24-h integrated serum glucose at the end of the control and LoBAG diets was 198 and 126 mg/dl, respectively. The percentage of glycohemoglobin was 9.8 ± 0.5 and 7.6 ± 0.3, respectively. It was still decreasing at the end of the LoBAG diet. Thus, the final calculated glycohemoglobin was estimated to be ∼6.3–5.4%. Serum insulin was decreased, and plasma glucagon was increased. Serum cholesterol was unchanged. Thus, a LoBAG diet ingested for 5 weeks dramatically reduced the circulating glucose concentration in people with untreated type 2 diabetes. Potentially, this could be a patient-empowering way to ameliorate hyperglycemia without pharmacological intervention. The long-term effects of such a diet remain to be determined.

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Authors: Gannon, M. C., & Nuttall, F. Q.
Affiliations: University of Minnesota (US)
ORCID: Gannon, Mary C.
Venue: Diabetes
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2004-09-01
Volume: 53
Issue: 9
Pages: 2375-2382
ISSN: 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
1939-327X
DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.53.9.2375
OpenAlex: W2140156866
Cited by: 428
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 9.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Diabetes (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: American Diabetes Association
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Diet and metabolism studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Dietary Effects on Health
Keywords: type 2 diabetes, high-protein low-carbohydrate diet, glycemic control, glycohemoglobin, serum insulin, plasma glucagon, beta-hydroxybutyrate, ketosis, hyperglycemia, dietary intervention
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Glucose, Body Weight, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Proteins, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Ketones, Male, Middle Aged, Cross-Over Studies, 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid

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Effect of a High-Protein, Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Blood Glucose Control in People With Type 2 Diabetes

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