Cited by 4,890Meta-analysis and systematic reviewsEducational Research and MethodsPsychology Research and Bibliometrics

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Primary, Secondary, and Meta-Analysis of Research

GLASS, GENE V·1976·Educational Researcher

DOI 10.3102/0013189x005010003

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Review of Educational Research.
Good, H. G. (1924) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0064223 · Cited by 1,223
The study of teaching
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Response Effects in Surveys: A Review and Synthesis.
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On Equality of Educational Opportunity.
Milner, M., Mosteller, F. C., & Moynihan, D. P. (1973) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2062443 · Cited by 526
Accumulating Evidence: Procedures for Resolving Contradictions among Different Research Studies
Light, R., & Smith, P. (1971) · Harvard Educational Review · doi:10.17763/haer.41.4.437714870334w144 · Cited by 444
The Effectiveness of Alternative Instructional Media: A Survey
Jamison, D. T., Suppes, P., & Wells, S. J. (1974) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543044001001 · Cited by 264
The Research Evidence on the Effects of Grade Retention
Jackson, G. B. (1975) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543045004613 · Cited by 217
Experimental Factors Related to Aptitude-Treatment Interactions
Bracht, G. H. (1970) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543040005627 · Cited by 201
The Disadvantaged Child
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The Research Evidence on the Effects of Grade Retention
Jackson, G. B. (1975) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.2307/1170067 · Cited by 167

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Measures of Effect Size for Comparative Studies: Applications, Interpretations, and Limitations
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Best-Evidence Synthesis: An Alternative to Meta-Analytic and Traditional Reviews
Slavin, R. E. (1986) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x015009005 · Cited by 699
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Factors That Influence Skill Decay and Retention: A Quantitative Review and Analysis
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Meta-analysis: Potentials and promise
Egger, M., & Smith, G. D. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7119.1371 · Cited by 646
Meta-analytic structural equation modeling: A two-stage approach.
Cheung, M. W. ‐., & Chan, W. (2005) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.10.1.40 · Cited by 671
Secondary Analysis of Qualitative Data. An Overview
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Price and Income Elasticities of Residential Water Demand: A Meta-Analysis
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Handbook of Industrial, Work & Organizational Psychology
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How to Write a Systematic Review of the Literature
Pati, D., & Lorusso, L. N. (2017) · HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal · doi:10.1177/1937586717747384 · Cited by 614
Synthesizing Research on Language Learning and Teaching
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Anxiety and academic performance: A meta-analysis of findings
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Meta‐analysis of the relationship between quality management practices and firm performance—implications for quality management theory development
Nair, A. (2005) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1016/j.jom.2005.11.005 · Cited by 598
Statistical power and optimal design for multisite randomized trials.
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Labandeira, X., Labeaga, J. M., & López-Otero, X. (2017) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.01.002 · Cited by 590
“Meta-analysis, or the statistical study of studies in an area, first proposed by Glass (1976) in the field of education but subsequently extended to many other disciplines, seems to be an appropriate and useful approach for these purposes.”
The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality Care
Titler, M. G., Kleiber, C., Steelman, V. J., Rakel, B. A., Budreau, G., Everett, L. Q., Buckwalter, K. C., Tripp-Reimer, T., & Goode, C. J. (2001) · Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0899-5885(18)30017-0 · Cited by 586
A meta-analytic study of the effects of goal setting on task performance: 1966–1984
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Methodological guidance paper: High-quality meta- analysis in a systematic review
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What Makes the Difference? A Practical Analysis of Research on the Effectiveness of Distance Education
Zhao, Y., Lei, J., Lai, B. Y. C., & Tan, H. S. (2005) · Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9620.2005.00544.x · Cited by 618
“A more valid and reliable way to synthesize the literature is meta-analysis ( Glass, 1976; Glass, McGaw, & Smith, 1981) because of its systematic procedure and criteria for identifying and selecting previous studies and verified statistical procedures for analyzing results.”
Method
Systematic review and meta-analysis of augmented reality in educational settings
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The Determinants of Salesperson Performance: A Meta-Analysis
Churchill, G. A., Ford, N. M., Hartley, S. W., & Walker, O. C. (1985) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224378502200201 · Cited by 559
Bacterial diversity in aquatic and other environments: what 16S rDNA libraries can tell us
Kemp, P. F., & Aller, J. Y. (2003) · FEMS Microbiology Ecology · doi:10.1016/s0168-6496(03)00257-5 · Cited by 558
Syntheses of educational productivity research
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A brief history of research synthesis
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Basic Concepts in Population Modeling, Simulation, and Model‐Based Drug Development
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Systematic Reviews from Astronomy to Zoology: Myths and Misconceptions
Petticrew, M. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7278.98 · Cited by 550
Mood-congruent recall of affectively toned stimuli: A meta-analytic review
Matt, G. E., Vázquez, C., & Campbell, W. K. (1992) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(92)90116-p · Cited by 726
Perspective-taking and altruism.
Underwood, B., & Moore, B. S. (1982) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.91.1.143 · Cited by 544
A meta-analysis of age differences in job performance.
Waldman, D. A., & Avolio, B. J. (1986) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.71.1.33 · Cited by 543
A meta-analysis of mobile commerce adoption and the moderating effect of culture
Zhang, L., Zhu, J., & Liu, Q. (2012) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.008 · Cited by 541
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“For example, Glass (1976) uses meta-analysis to study the effectiveness of psychotherapy.”
Method
How to Estimate and Interpret Various Effect Sizes.
Vacha‐Haase, T., & Thompson, B. (2004) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.51.4.473 · Cited by 556
Home sharing in marketing and tourism at a tipping point: What do we know, how do we know, and where should we be heading?
Lim, W. M., Yap, S. F., & Makkar, M. (2020) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.08.051 · Cited by 564
“The review, which is an appraisal of accumulated knowledge, “deserves higher priority now than adding a new experiment or survey” (Glass, 1976, p. 4), as there is a need to reconcile the sheer volume of research (Paul & Criado, 2020), to overcome the limitations of past reviews (Kahiya, 2018), and…”
Social Skill Deficits and Learning Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis
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Understanding the minds of others: A neuroimaging meta-analysis
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The Use (and Abuse) of Meta-Analysis in Environmental and Natural Resource Economics: An Assessment
Nelson, J. P., & Kennedy, P. (2008) · Environmental and Resource Economics · doi:10.1007/s10640-008-9253-5 · Cited by 549
Fixed effects and variance components estimation in three-level meta-analysis
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“Meta‐analysis is a statistical method used to combine evidence from different primary research studies that test comparable hypotheses for the purposes of summarizing evidence and drawing general conclusions (Cooper et al., 2009; Glass, 1976; Hedges & Olkin, 1985; Lipsey & Wilson, 2001).”
Method
How large are cognitive gender differences? A meta-analysis using !w² and d..
Hyde, J. S. (1981) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.36.8.892 · Cited by 529
Qualitative Analysis Techniques for the Review of the Literature
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Leech, N. L., & Collins, K. M. T. (2015) · The Qualitative Report · doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2012.1754 · Cited by 574
Does Strategic Planning Improve Organizational Performance? A Meta‐Analysis
George, B., Walker, R. M., & Monster, J. (2019) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.13104 · Cited by 526
“This study used a meta-analysis, or an “analysis of analyses,” defined as “the statistical analysis of a large collection of analysis results from individual studies for the purpose of integrating the findings” (Glass 1976, 3).”
Method
What factors influence the mobile health service adoption? A meta-analysis and the moderating role of age
Zhao, Y., Ni, Q., & Zhou, R. (2018) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.08.006 · Cited by 516
Effectiveness of Computer-based College Teaching: A Meta-analysis of Findings
Kulik, J. A., Kulik, C. C., & Cohen, P. A. (1980) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543050004525 · Cited by 517
A preliminary profile of neuropsychological deficits associated with major depression
Veiel, H. O. F. (1997) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/01688639708403745 · Cited by 502
The Effect of an Intervention to Break the Gender Bias Habit for Faculty at One Institution
Carnes, M. L., Devine, P. G., Manwell, L. B., Byars‐Winston, A. M., Fine, E., Ford, C. E., Forscher, P. S., Isaac, C., Kaatz, A., Magua, W., et al. (2014) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000000552 · Cited by 523
Mixing Business With Politics: A Meta-Analysis of the Antecedents and Outcomes of Corporate Political Activity
Lux, S., Crook, T. R., & Woehr, D. J. (2010) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206310392233 · Cited by 502
“Meta-analysis statistically aggregates findings in a stream of research to establish whether a relationship exists (Glass, 1976).”
Background
Effects of the flipped classroom instructional strategy on students’ learning outcomes: a meta-analysis
Cheng, L., Ritzhaupt, A. D., & Antonenko, P. (2019) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-018-9633-7 · Cited by 494
Methodological issues in the study of sexual abuse effects.
Briere, J. (1992) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.60.2.196 · Cited by 493
A meta-analysis of long-term effects of conservation agriculture on maize grain yield under rain-fed conditions
Rusinamhodzi, L., Corbeels, M., van Wijk, M. T., Rufino, M. C., Nyamangara, J., & Giller, K. E. (2011) · Agronomy for Sustainable Development · doi:10.1007/s13593-011-0040-2 · Cited by 494
Effects of Interventions to Promote Self-Determination for Individuals With Disabilities
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“Meta-analysis is a widely accepted quantitative method for systematically combining outcomes in efforts to provide a comprehensive evaluation of a domain of interest (Bangert-Drowns, 1986; Glass, 1976; Glass, McGaw, & Smith, 1981; Hedges, 1987; Hedges & Olkin, 1985; Rosenthal, 1984).”
Method
Meta-analyses of experimental data in animal nutrition
Sauvant, D., Schmidely, P., Daudin, J., & St-Pierre, N. R. (2008) · animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731108002280 · Cited by 487
Methods for Integrative Reviews
Jackson, G. B. (1980) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543050003438 · Cited by 487
The Myth of the Texas Miracle in Education
Haney, W. (2000) · Education Policy Analysis Archives · doi:10.14507/epaa.v8n41.2000 · Cited by 482
Summarizing Monte Carlo Results in Methodological Research: The One- and Two-Factor Fixed Effects ANOVA Cases
Harwell, M. R., Rubinstein, E. N., Hayes, W. S., & Olds, C. C. (1992) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.3102/10769986017004315 · Cited by 485
“The summary of the behavior of the F test that was presented in Glass et al. (1972) was updated to include the meta-analytic results.”
Meta-analysis of the impact of Augmented Reality on students’ learning gains
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The Relation Between Assessment Practices and Outcomes of Studies: The Case of Research on Prior Knowledge
Dochy, F., Segers, M., & Buehl, M. M. (1999) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543069002145 · Cited by 542
Steroid controversy in sepsis and septic shock
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Uses and misuses of meta‐analysis in plant ecology
Koricheva, J., & Gurevitch, J. (2014) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12224 · Cited by 460
Multi-task learning for classification with dirichlet process priors
Xue, Y., Liao, X., Carin, L., Krishnapuram, B., & Bartlett, P. (2007) · Cited by 478
Clinical Outcomes After Ablation and Pacing Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-Analysis
Wood, M. A., Brown-Mahoney, C., Kay, G. N., & Ellenbogen, K. A. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.10.1138 · Cited by 476
Systematic review approaches for climate change adaptation research
Berrang-Ford, L., Pearce, T., & Ford, J. D. (2015) · Regional Environmental Change · doi:10.1007/s10113-014-0708-7 · Cited by 474
Understanding the determinants of online review helpfulness: A meta-analytic investigation
Hong, H., Xu, D., Wang, G. A., & Fan, W. (2017) · Decision Support Systems · doi:10.1016/j.dss.2017.06.007 · Cited by 496
Causal inference and the data-fusion problem
Bareinboim, E., & Pearl, J. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1510507113 · Cited by 621
Quantitative Research: A Successful Investigation in Natural and Social Sciences
Mohajan, H. K. (2020) · Journal of Economic Development Environment and People · doi:10.26458/jedep.v9i4.679 · Cited by 793
“It tries to determine how study features influence effect sizes [Glass, 1976; Borenstein et al., 2016].”
BackgroundMethod
Methodological Guidance Paper: The Art and Science of Quality Systematic Reviews
Alexander, P. A. (2020) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654319854352 · Cited by 564
“By adopting this guideline, authors are not attempting to broadly judge the quality of a research study or document—which Cooper (2010) and others (Glass, 1976; Hattie & Hansford, 1984; Okoli & Schabram, 2010) regard as a precarious venture.”
A study of the impact of project-based learning on student learning effects: a meta-analysis study
Zhang, L., & Ma, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1202728 · Cited by 455
“To ensure the quality of the study, this study strictly followed the meta-analysis criteria proposed by Glass (1976), which was mainly divided into four assessment procedures: literature collection, literature coding, effect size calculation, and moderating variable analysis, and finally a…”
Method
On Empirically Validating Functions of Pictures in Prose
Levin, J. R., Anglin, G. J., & Carney, R. N. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4674-9_2 · Cited by 451
Ecosystem service values for mangroves in Southeast Asia: A meta-analysis and value transfer application
Brander, L., Wagtendonk, A. J., Hussain, S. S., McVittie, A., Verburg, P. H., de Groot, R. S., & van der Ploeg, S. (2012) · Ecosystem Services · doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.06.003 · Cited by 451
Interdependence and Interpersonal Attraction Among Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Individuals: A Theoretical Formulation and a Meta-analysis of the Research
Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Maruyama, G. M. (1983) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543053001005 · Cited by 449
The Effect of Electronic Word of Mouth Communications on Intention to Buy: A Meta-Analysis
Ismagilova, E., Slade, E. L., Rana, N. P., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2019) · Information Systems Frontiers · doi:10.1007/s10796-019-09924-y · Cited by 707
“Meta-analysis is defined as a method to statistically synthesise existing literature in order to visualize the research background by combining and investigating the quantitative results of different empirical studies (Glass 1976).”
Market Orientation and Performance: A Meta‐Analysis and Cross‐National Comparisons*
Ellis, P. D. (2006) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00630.x · Cited by 443
Embodied carbon mitigation and reduction in the built environment – What does the evidence say?
Pomponi, F., & Moncaster, A. (2016) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.08.036 · Cited by 483
Principles and procedures of exploratory data analysis.
Behrens, J. T. (1997) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.2.2.131 · Cited by 465
How hard is hard science, how soft is soft science? The empirical cumulativeness of research.
Hedges, L. V. (1987) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.42.5.443 · Cited by 453
Social media and citizen engagement: A meta-analytic review
Škorić, M. M., Zhu, Q., Goh, D., & Pang, N. L.-S. (2015) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444815616221 · Cited by 525
Meta-analysis of stigma and mental health
Mak, W. W. S., Poon, C. Y. M., Pun, L. Y. K., & Cheung, S. F. (2007) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.03.015 · Cited by 427
“One means of aggregating research findings is through meta-analysis, a statistical analysis of previous studies quantitatively to integrate findings (Glass, 1976).”
Method
Using qualitative research synthesis to build an actionable knowledge base
Denyer, D., & Tranfield, D. (2006) · Management Decision · doi:10.1108/00251740610650201 · Cited by 435
“In education, for example, it was argued by Glass (1976) that:”
Background
Meta-analysis in ecology
Gurevitch, J., Curtis, P. S., & Jones, M. H. (2001) · Advances in Ecological Research · doi:10.1016/s0065-2504(01)32013-5 · Cited by 421
A meta-analytic review of the effects of acute cortisol administration on human memory
Het, S., Ramlow, G., & Wolf, O. T. (2005) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.03.005 · Cited by 414
Testing and adjusting for publication bias
Møller, A. P., & Jennions, M. D. (2001) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(01)02235-2 · Cited by 417
The false consensus effect: A meta-analysis of 115 hypothesis tests
Mullen, B. R., Atkins, J. L., Champion, D. S., Edwards, C., Hardy, D., Story, J. E., & Vanderklok, M. (1985) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(85)90020-4 · Cited by 417
Scientific peer review
Bornmann, L. (2011) · Annual Review of Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/aris.2011.1440450112 · Cited by 567
Meta-analysis of the sensitivity decrement in vigilance.
See, J. E., Howe, S. R., Warm, J. S., & Dember, W. N. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.2.230 · Cited by 411
Meta-analysis of effects of inoculation with homofermentative and facultative heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria on silage fermentation, aerobic stability, and the performance of dairy cows
Oliveira, A. S., Weinberg, Z. G., Ogunade, I. M., Cervantes, A. A. P., Arriola, K. G., Jiang, Y., Kim, D., Li, X., Gonçalves, M. C. M., Vyas, D., et al. (2017) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2016-11815 · Cited by 409
“proves the power or ability to detect treatment effects and increases the capacity to explore sources of variation in responses (Glass, 1976; Higgins, 2008).”
Background
A review of effect sizes and their confidence intervals, Part I: The Cohen's d family
Goulet‐Pelletier, J., & Cousineau, D. (2018) · The Quantitative Methods for Psychology · doi:10.20982/tqmp.14.4.p242 · Cited by 419
Treatment of internet addiction: a meta-analysis
Winkler, A., Dörsing, B., Rief, W., Shen, Y., & Glombiewski, J. A. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.12.005 · Cited by 404
Secondary Analysis of Qualitative Data
Szabo, V., & Strang, V. R. (1997) · Advances in Nursing Science · doi:10.1097/00012272-199712000-00008 · Cited by 405
RESOLVING ECOLOGICAL QUESTIONS THROUGH META-ANALYSIS: GOALS, METRICS, AND MODELS
Osenberg, C. W., Sarnelle, O., Cooper, S. D., & Holt, R. D. (1999) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1105:reqtma]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 404
A meta-analysis of morphological interventions: effects on literacy achievement of children with literacy difficulties
Goodwin, A. P., & Ahn, S. (2010) · Annals of Dyslexia · doi:10.1007/s11881-010-0041-x · Cited by 403
Effects of Ability Grouping on Secondary School Students: A Meta-analysis of Evaluation Findings
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Authors: GLASS, G. V.
Affiliations: Laboratory of Educational Research University of Colorado
Corresponding author: GLASS, GENE V
ORCID: GLASS, GENE V
Venue: Educational Researcher
Publisher: American Educational Research Association (AERA)
Published: 1976-11
Volume: 5
Issue: 10
Pages: 3-8
ISSN: 0013-189X (ISSN-L)
1935-102X
DOI: 10.3102/0013189x005010003
OpenAlex: W1982070737
Cited by: 4,890
References: 16
Citations by year: 2026: 127 · 2025: 148 · 2024: 127 · 2023: 171 · 2022: 205 · 2021: 239 · 2020: 220 · 2019: 214 · 2018: 196 · 2017: 160 · 2016: 213 · 2015: 225 · 2014: 187 · 2013: 198 · 2012: 181
FWCI: 1.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Educational Researcher (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Social Sciences › Education › Educational Research and Methods
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
Keywords: primary research, secondary research, meta-analysis, evidence synthesis

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