New trends and opportunities in the development and use of inoculants for silage

Weinberg, Z.G.; Muck, R.E.

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1996.tb00253.x

Cited by 509Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyProbiotics and Fermented FoodsAnimal Nutrition and Physiology

New trends and opportunities in the development and use of inoculants for silage

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Weinberg, Z.G., Muck, R.E.·1996·FEMS Microbiology Reviews

DOI 10.1111/j.1574-6976.1996.tb00253.x

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Abstract

Inoculants are used as silage additives to improve preservation efficiency and to enhance animal performance. In most commercially available inoculants, homofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been used because they are fast and efficient producers of lactic acid, improving natural silage fermentation. Specific LAB inuculants may also have beneficial effects on animal performance even if there is no effect on fermentation. However, these types of inoculants are not always advantageous. They do not necessarily prevent sermentation by clostridia in moist silages, and they sometimes impair the aerobic stability of grass and small grain silages. Therefore, new criteria for silage inoculants should be established which consider the specific needs of the crop being ensiled. New approaches which are being taken to develop improved inoculants for silage include the following: (1) using LAB isolates which are more specific to the target crops; (2) inclusion of heterofermentative LAB to produce volatile fatty acids to inhibit yeasts and moulds upon aerobic exposure; (3) inclusion of organisms other than LAB in inoculants to inhibit detrimental microorganisms; (4) selection or engineering of LAB strains to inhibit specific microorganisms; and (5) cloning and expression of genes which would enable selected LAB strains to utilize polysaccharides in crops which are low in soluble carbohydrates. Many of these new strategies for formulating inoculants are being tested, but further research is needed to determine the most successful approaches.

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Several factors affect silage DM and nutritional losses during conservation and feed-out, such as the daily feed-out rate, the use of silage additives and the fermentation profile, the method of sealing and type of plastic sealing, DM content at ensiling, particle size, filling rate, and the packed density of silage in the silo.
“Several factors affect silage DM and nutritional losses during conservation and feed-out, such as the daily feed-out rate (Mahanna and Chase, 2003), the use of silage additives and the fermentation profile (Weinberg and Muck, 1996), the method of sealing and type of plastic sealing (Savoie, 1988; Borreani et al., 2007), DM content at ensiling, particle size, filling rate, and the packed density of”
From Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages (2018) · cites this paper as Weinberg and Muck, 1996
Animal trials have revealed that homofermentative or facultative heterofermentative bacteria have enhanced silage fermentation and improved milk production, daily gain, or feed efficiency.
“Animal trials have also revealed that these bacteria have not only enhanced silage fermentation but also have improved milk production, daily gain, or feed efficiency”
From Silage review: Recent advances and future uses of silage additives (2018) · cites this paper as Weinberg and Muck, 1996
Homofermentative cultures such as Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus species, and Enterococcus faecium are often used to promote lactic acid production and decrease pH and nutrient losses.
“Homofermentative cultures, such as Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus species, and Enterococcus faecium, are often used to promote the production of lactic acid and decease pH and nutrients losses7.”
From Profiling of metabolome and bacterial community dynamics in ensiled Medicago sativa inoculated without or with Lactobacillus plantarum or Lactobacillus buchneri. (2018) · cites this paper as [7]
LAB can improve silage aerobic stability by producing different metabolites, such as acetic acid and 1,2-propanediol, 3-phenyllactic acid and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid, and a phenolic-related antibiotic.
“Previous studies showed that LAB can improve silage aerobic stability by producing different metabolites, such as acetic acid and 1,2-propanediol7,8, 3-phenyllactic acid and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid9, and a phenolic-related antibiotic10.”
From Profiling of metabolome and bacterial community dynamics in ensiled Medicago sativa inoculated without or with Lactobacillus plantarum or Lactobacillus buchneri. (2018) · cites this paper as [7]
Inoculation of silage increases animal performance.
“including increasing animal performance [1]”
From Dynamic succession of microbiota during ensiling of whole plant corn following inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus hilgardii alone or in combination. (2019) · cites this paper as [1]

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Authors: Weinberg, Z. G., & Muck, R. E.
Affiliations: Agricultural Research Organization (IL)
Agricultural Research Service (US)
Corresponding author: Weinberg, Z.G.
ORCID: Weinberg, Z.G.
Muck, R.E.
Venue: FEMS Microbiology Reviews
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1996-10
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Pages: 53-68
ISSN: 0168-6445 (ISSN-L)
1574-6976
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.1996.tb00253.x
OpenAlex: W1987186092
Cited by: 509
References: 63
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 6.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: FEMS Microbiology Reviews (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Keywords: silage inoculants, silage additives, homofermentative lactic acid bacteria, heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria, silage fermentation, aerobic stability, volatile fatty acids, animal performance, silage preservation, gene cloning and expression, polysaccharide utilization, grass silage

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New trends and opportunities in the development and use of inoculants for silage

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