The memeification of "woke culture": a multimodal critical discourse analysis of its articulation in Essence; O, The Oprah Magazine; and Teen Vogue

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Isolating the type of text and complementary images was conducted to understand the circulation of 'woke culture' as resistance within a commodified product.

“Isolating the type of text and complementary images was conducted to understand the circulation of”

• cites Fuchs, 2009Partly supported

  The 'In commodity production' section discusses commodified media and alternative media that challenge their commodity character. It does not discuss 'woke culture' or isolating text and complementary images as a method, so it supports the conceptual framing but not those specifics. No page number is available for this passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Lifestyle journalism as a genre has relied on 'individuals to articulate their own identities,' and they have agency over their own well-being.

“Lifestyle journalism as a genre has relied on “individuals to articulate their own identities,” and they have agency over their own well-being (Hanusch, 2019, p. 194).”

• cites Hanusch, 2019 sourceSupported

May combine two claims.

The profiles illustrated how intersectionality affects lives and inspires social justice work of the Black women featured.

“The profiles illustrated how intersectionality affects lives and inspires social justice work of the Black women featured (Crenshaw, 1991;Collins, 2019).”

• cites Crenshaw, 1991 sourcePartly supported

  The Introduction (pp. 1–2) says intersecting racism and sexism shape Black women’s lives and describes identity-based politics as a source of strength and potential political empowerment. It does not discuss the citing document’s profiles or establish that intersectionality inspired the social justice work of the particular Black women featured. (LLM, conf=0.84)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
• cites Collins, 2019 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Several of the editors in the study identified as Black and used AAE rhetorical strategies to craft stories in the corpus.

“Several of the editors in the study identified as Black and used AAE rhetorical strategies to craft stories in the corpus.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

I identified how and why the story of 'woke culture' became what Hall called a 'communicative event' that created dynamic discourses fueled by ideologies and emotions connected to race, gender, and class.

“I identified how and why the story of”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The Movement for Black Lives started on social media with the 2013 acquittal of Zimmerman in the killing of Martin.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Two significant critical moments have been identified within the text: the 2016 presidential election of Donald J. Trump and the 2020 murder of George Floyd and the killing of Breonna Taylor.

“Two significant critical moments have been identified within the text: The 2016 presidential election of Donald J. Trump and the 2020 murder of George Floyd's and the killing of Breonna Taylor”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Essence continued this collective display of consciousness for two more years.

“The magazine would continue this collective display of consciousness for two more years.”

May combine two claims.

Of the publications in the study, Essence noted the names of Black freedom struggle figures often and introduced readers to the names of activists in the modern-day struggle.

“Of the publications in the study, Essence noted these names often and introduced readers to the names of activists in the modern-day struggle.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

An additional set of quotes from the story provided insight how the social movement resided among the young and not multi-generational approach.

“An additional set of quotes from the story provided insight how the social movement resided among the young and not multi-generational approach.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

An assumption was made in the first paragraph that an O reader was by nature inherently altruistic, since they do follow the talk show host's multi-platform message of 'living your best life.'

“An assumption was made in the first paragraph that an O's reader was by nature inherently altruistic, since they do follow the talk show hosts multi-platform message of “living your best life.””

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

How it resonated with readers and motivated them to make systemic changes related to race and racism remained unknown.

“How it resonated with readers and motivated them to make systemic changes related to race and racism remained unknown.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The headline about Obama did not contain his former title and focused on his full name, without the middle initial.

“The headline does not contain his former title and focused on his full name, without the middle initial.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The use of pronouns such as 'you' in O created a conversation between the writers and readers.

“The use of pronouns such as “you” created a conversation between the writers and readers.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Obama's 2019 woke statement does appear before the murder of George Floyd, which would in May 2020.

“Obama's 2019 woke statement does appear before the murder of George Floyd, which would in May 2020.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

A 2016 interview with Colson Whitehead of The Underground Railroad consisted of a Q&A format with the turn-taking characteristics and highlighted how Winfrey maintains her voice as the center of the conversation.

“A 2016 interview with Colson Whitehead of The Underground Railroad consisted of a Q&A format with the turn-taking characteristics and highlighted how Winfrey maintains her voice as the center of the conversation.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

A story about designer Tracy Reese expanded the analysis of race and representation discourses in the magazine.

“A story about designer Tracy Reese expanded the analysis of race and representation discourses in the magazine.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Essence foregrounded high-end European names such as Balmain of Paris, as evidenced in the 2018 Kerry Washington piece.

“As a voice in the fashion system and promoter of designer talent, Essence' foregrounded high-end European names such as Balmain of Paris, as evidenced in the 2018 Kerry Washington piece.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The ethos, pathos, and logos of Winfrey's branding permeates O's editorial stance, where on the masthead she served as the founder and editorial director.

“The ethos, pathos, and logos of Winfrey's branding permeates the publication's editorial stance, where on the masthead she served as the founder and editorial director.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Race entered the discourse in the O 'woke' essay, where the conversation shifted to put the spotlight on readers who identified as White and people of color.

“Race entered the discourse in this passage, where the conversation shifted to put the spotlight on readers who identified as White and people of color.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Washington posed either standing with a Wonder Womanlike power stance or lying down, showing the dichotomies presented whenever featuring female bodies in advertisements and lifestyle magazine.

“Washington posed either standing with a Wonder Womanlike power stance or lying down, showing the dichotomies presented whenever featuring female bodies in advertisements and lifestyle magazine.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The O feature contained additional photo illustrations repositioning White women as being subservient to women of color and a little White girl looking at shelves featuring Black dolls.

“The feature contained additional photo illustrations repositioning White women as being subservient to women of color and a little White girl looking at shelves featuring Black dolls.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The 'be kind' statement appeared to be a recurring theme in O discourses, where being the best version of oneself remained important personally and publicly.

“The “be kind” statement appeared to be a recurring theme in O discourses, where being the best version of oneself remained important personally and publicly.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

By mid-2017 to 2020 the topic appeared through essays, interviews, book reviews, talk show-esque forums, and how-to guides.

“By mid-2017 to 2020 the topic appeared through essays, interviews, book reviews, talk show-esque forums, and how-to guides.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The fashion coverage in Essence featured spreads where subjects discussed the significance of their roles in primarily dominant-hegemonic spaces of the fashion and movie industries.

“The fashion coverage in the magazine featured spreads, where the subjects discussed the significance of their roles in primarily dominant-hegemonic spaces of the fashion and movie industries.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The paragraphs in O showcased how power and privilege intersected with race and class-with ambiguity and reservation.

“The paragraphs showcased how power and privilege intersected with race and class-with ambiguity and reservation.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The phrase containing 'engage' and 'vigilantly' with 'woke' served to regulate the word's power and the actions associated with it.

“The phrase contained strong words such as “engage” and “vigilantly” with “woke,” serving to regulate the word's power and the actions associated with it.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The next question affirmed the analysis with historically marginalized people being more victimized by a 'mechanism,' which was ambiguous.

“The next question affirmed this analysis with historically marginalized people being more victimized by a “mechanism,” which was ambiguous.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The O article viewed Whiteness differently, only referencing the social construction of race to people of color.

“The article viewed Whiteness differently, only referencing the social construction of race to people of color.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The analysis began with Winfrey's assessment of consciousness, which drew upon American patriotism, not race, as her first point of departure.

“The analysis began with Winfrey's assessment of consciousness, which drew upon American patriotism, not race, as her first point of departure.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The questions directed to White readers, using words such as 'privilege' and 'virtue' and 'living better,' spoke to race and class.

“These questions were closest to the next question directed to White readers, where words such as “privilege” and “virtue” and “living better” spoke to race and class.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The article drew parallels between E. Davis the model's activism and Angela Y. Davis, the scholar and activist's.

“The article drew parallels between E. Davis the model's activism and Angela Y. Davis, the scholar and activist's-not specifying through works inequality.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Words such as 'deny' and 'privilege' connected by the pronoun 'you' created a more intimate conversation with the intended audience.

“Words such as “deny” and “privilege” connected by a pronoun “you” created a more intimate conversation with the intended audience.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Obama, who is biracial and identifies as Black, explored ideas of purity and perfection in society in the quote.

“The idea of being appeared in this quote, where Obama, who is biracial and identifies as Black, explored (Coates, 2016) ideas of purity and perfection in society.”

• cites Coates, 2016Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Across the dataset, books about race, racism and the Black experience established the entry points for the magazine to engage its readers.

“Across the dataset, books about race, racism and the Black experience established the entry points for the magazine to engage its readers.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Washington emphasized the importance of community building in Hollywood.

“Washington emphasized the importance of community building in Hollywood, which historically has limited the number of roles women, particularly Black women, held.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Hollywood historically has limited the number of roles women, particularly Black women, held.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The conversation focused on her connecting with young constituents.

“The conversation focused on her connecting with young constituents”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The two have resided in an elite circle, first meeting at Teen Vogue's Young Hollywood party.

“The two have resided in an elite circle, first meeting at Teen Vogue's Young Hollywood party (Blanchard & Shahidi, 2016, para. 1).”

• cites Blanchard & Shahidi, 2016Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

A quote from Waters included language about activism, where she informed readers she was not only a longtime community activist but also a 'defender of rap and hip-hop' and 'freedom of speech in the Constitution.'

“A quote from Waters included language about activism, where she informed readers she was not only a longtime community activist but also a “defender of rap and hip-hop” and “freedom of speech in the Constitution” (Nylander, 2017, p.84).”

• cites Nylander, 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

For her character, Zendaya requested she not play a 'watered down, singing and dancing girl version' and her on screen family be of color.

“For her character, she requested she not play a “watered down, singing and dancing girl version” and her on screen family be of color (Prakash, 2017, para. 2;6).”

• cites Prakash, 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Instead of relying on Waters telling the readers about her political career, Nylander included quotes from Shakinah Douglas, a law clerk in Maryland's 7th Circuit about Waters' frankness and commitment to 'making sure that the American people are not oppressed.'

“But instead of relying on Waters telling the readers about her political career, Nylander (2017) included quotes from Shakinah Douglas, a law clerk in Maryland's 7 th Circuit about Waters' frankness and commitment to “making sure that the American people are not oppressed” (Nylander, 2017, p. 84).”

• cites Nylander, 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

U.S. Rep. Maxine Waters of California was highlighted in a 2017 feature, at the height of the Trump administration, which started to eclipse the Movement for Black Lives protest.

“U.S. Rep. Maxine Waters of California was highlighted in a 2017 feature, at the height of the Trump administration, which started to eclipse the Movement for Black Lives protest.”

May combine two claims.

The 57-word Essence piece described the actions of Zendaya, but the Teen Vogue piece highlighted the tensions between not only power but also dominant beauty standards-just by the insertion of her mixed-race background.

“The 57-word Essence piece described the actions of Zendaya, but the Teen Vogue piece highlighted the tensions between not only power but also dominant beauty standards-just by the insertion of her mixed-race background.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The magazine featured stories and news briefs on race and representation and the politically conscious voices.

“The magazine featured stories and news briefs on race and representation and the politically conscious voices.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

He was one of several social actors, along with former First Lady Michelle Obama, infusing the conversation across the three publications about the political and everyday life.

“He was one of several social actors, along with former First Lady Michelle Obama, infusing the conversation across the three publications about the political and everyday life.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The discourse examples featured the study's magazines in a typology to help analyze their approaches to 'woke.'

“The discourse examples featured the study's magazines in a typology to help analyze their approaches to “woke.””

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The article discussed the 2014 concern about the actor not being 'black enough to play Aaliyah [R&B singer] in a biopic.'

“The article discussed the 2014 concern about the actor not being “black enough to play Aaliyah [R&B singer] in a biopic” (Prakash, 2017, para. 12).”

• cites Prakash, 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Alfre Woodard in Essence discussed why Clinton would be the best choice for president and Oprah Winfrey alluded to the importance of the election and voting in her 'What I Know for Sure' column.

“Alfre Woodard (2016) in Essence discussed why Clinton would be the best choice for president and Oprah Winfrey (2016) alluded to the importance of the election and voting in her “What I Know for Sure” column.”

• cites Woodard, 2016Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Winfrey, 2016Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The terminology of activist and activism and how it was defined becomes a focus, with both teens trying to make sense of the meaning.

“First, the terminology of activist and activism and how it was defined becomes a focus, with both teens trying to make sense of the meaning.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Clinton does not bring up her opponent on her platform.

“Clinton does not bring up her opponent on her platform.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Zendaya spoke to agency in the Teen Vogue quote explaining how 'people don't realize their power,' and tend to acquiesce it to others.

“Zendaya spoke to agency in this Teen Vogue quote explaining how “people don't realize their power,” and tend to acquiesce it to others (Prakash, 2017, para. 10).”

• cites Prakash, 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Shahidi has been identified in prior Teen Vogue stories as 'being mixed-I'm half Iranian and half-black' and negotiated the conversation by shifting to a discussion from feminism to race.

“Shahidi has been identified in prior Teen Vogue stories as “being mixed-I'm half Iranian and half-black” and negotiated the conversation by shifting to a discussion from feminism to race (Blanchard & Shahidi, 2016).”

• cites Blanchard & Shahidi, 2016Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The Essence brief does not foreground or mention Zendaya's racial background, but Teen Vogue does.

“The Essence brief does not foreground or mention Zendaya's racial background, but Teen Vogue does.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Shahidi appeared throughout all three magazines (N=8), but for the analysis, the focus was on the December 2016 spread called 'New World Order.'

“Shahidi, though, appeared throughout all three magazines (N=8), but for the analysis, the focus was on the December 2016 spread called, “New World Order.””

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The editors attempted to address this by featuring the grassroots organizers of the Black Lives Matter movement and crafting stories to highlight their accomplishments and their visions in a contemporary freedom struggle.

“The editors attempted to address this by featuring the grassroots organizers of the Black Lives Matter movement and crafting stories to highlight their accomplishments and their visions in a contemporary freedom struggle.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

In the op-ed Yes, She Can, Clinton wanted to make the case to young voters she supported their causes and aspirations.

“In the op-ed Yes, She Can, Clinton wanted to make the case to young voters she supported their causes and aspirations.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Backgrounding the conversation were narratives about women globally denied access to education.

“Second, backgrounding the conversation were narratives about women globally denied access to education (this could be referring to the plight of Malala Yousafzai, who was shot in 2012 on her way home from taking an exam) (United Nations, 2017).”

• cites United Nations, 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Until the introduction of a Tiana, Blanchard had not considered such imagery.

“Until the introduction of a Tiana, Blanchard had not considered such imagery.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Vogue has been slow to engage in intragroup discourse about others and to feature Black women on its cover, with albeit names of note, Michelle Obama, Kamala Harris, Beyoncé, and Oprah Winfrey-politicians and celebrities.

“Vogue has been slow to engage in intragroup discourse about others and to feature Black women on its cover, with albeit names of note, Michelle Obama, Kamala Harris, Beyoncé, and Oprah Winfrey-politicians and celebrities.”

May combine two claims.

The data compiled for the study showed each publication represented itself as an activist (Essence); a cultural mediator (O, The Oprah Magazine); or an ally (Teen Vogue) and engaged in their brand of 'woke culture' shaped by their editorial leadership, audience, business model, and 'judgments of taste.'

“The data compiled for the study showed each publication represented itself as an activist (Essence); a cultural mediator (O, The Oprah Magazine); or an ally (Teen Vogue) and engaged in their brand of “woke culture” shaped by their editorial leadership, audience, business model, and “judgments of taste” (Fürisch, 2012, p. 13).”

• cites Fürisch, 2012Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Of the significant politicians at the center of the 'woke' discourses in Teen Vogue were Hillary Rodham Clinton and Donald J. Trump and their intense political race in 2016.

“Of the significant politicians at the center of the “woke” discourses in Teen Vogue were Hillary Rodham Clinton and Donald J. Trump's and their intense political race in 2016.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The idea of representation appeared in this segment of the feature, with Blanchard equating Whiteness with privilege.

“The idea of representation appeared in this segment of the feature, with Blanchard equating Whiteness with privilege.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Shahidi focused on her own background, addressing intersectionality and how she navigated the discourse and sense of being within race, gender, and class constructs.

“Shahidi's focused on her own background, addressing intersectionality and how she navigated the discourse and sense of being within race, gender, and class constructs.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Before the election, O, The Oprah Magazine and Essence featured pieces.

“Before the election, O, The Oprah Magazine and Essence featured pieces.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

What remained unclear were the racial stereotypes.

“What remained unclear were the racial stereotypes.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Blanchard linked activism to feminism but made the leap from girls being attacked for trying to pursue an education.

“This was where we saw Blanchard link activism to feminism but made the leap from girls being attacked for trying to pursue an education.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Essence minted Zendaya as 'one of our fave woke millennials.'

“Essence minted her as “one of our fave woke millennials” (Arceneaux et al., 2017, p. 109).”

• cites Arceneaux et al., 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The social actors in Teen Vogue consisted of politicians, celebrities, and musicians.

“The social actors in Teen Vogue consisted of politicians, celebrities, and musicians.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The only publication in the study tied to a celebrity brand is O, The Oprah Magazine.

“The only publication in the study tied to a celebrity brand is O, The Oprah Magazine.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

According to Essence, Zendaya represented 'a new generation of young talents who aren't afraid to speak out against inequality or clap back if you try to come for them.'

“According to Essence, Zendaya represented “a new generation of young talents who aren't afraid to speak out against inequality or clap back if you try to come for them” (Arceneaux et al., 2017, p. 109).”

• cites Arceneaux et al., 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Teen Vogue's editor-in-chief Welteroth kept the topic in the pages and on the website.

“Teen Vogue's editor-in-chief Welteroth kept the topic in the pages and on the website.”

May combine two claims.

Throughout the corpus from 2016-2020, the politics of Black hair appeared as a recurring theme, with phenotypes of socially constructed racial groups being highlighted in stories.

“Throughout the corpus from 2016-2020 the politics of Black hair appeared as a recurring theme, with phenotypes of socially constructed racial groups being highlighted in stories.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

The corpus revealed ways in which the magazines addressed the topic.

“The corpus revealed ways in which the magazines addressed the topic.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Winfrey's April 2016 piece on self-care opened with a solidarity-like paragraph where she looked to identify with other women.

“Her April 2016 piece on self-care opened with a solidarity-like paragraph where she looked to identify with other women (Winfrey, 2016).”

• cites Winfrey, 2016Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Stenberg appeared in a significant scene as the 12-year-old character Rue, representing District 11, which was largely African American.

“Stenberg appeared in a significant scene as the 12-year-old character, Rue, representing District 11, which was largely African American.”

May combine two claims.

Teen Vogue approached its stance on feminism by taking an intergenerational approach and highlighting known names on the movement.

“Teen Vogue approached its stance on feminism by taking an intergenerational approach and highlighting known names on the movement.”

May combine two claims.

While the Movement for Black Lives circulated the word 'woke' itself more widely on social media, the magazines from 2016-2020 featured its solidarity and anti-systemic racism messages in various ways through editorial choices based on their audiences and mission.

“While the Movement for Black Lives circulated the word “woke” itself more widely on social media, the magazines from 2016-2020 featured its solidarity and anti-systemic racism messages in various ways through editorial choices based on their audiences and mission.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Duca delved into the way fashion has not been valued for its ability to foster deeper conversations about political affairs.

“Duca (2017) delved into the way fashion has not been valued for its ability to foster deeper conversations about political affairs.”

• cites Duca, 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The first paragraph of Rankine's piece described her accomplishments, including her 2014 book Citizen and her work at the New York-based Racial Imaginary Institute.

“The first paragraph to her piece described her accomplishments, including a mention of her 2014 book, Citizen; her at the New York-based Racial Imaginary Institute (Rankine, 2017, p. 149).”

• cites Rankine, 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The editors and writers of more than 200 mini-profiles in the inaugural 2017 issue placed the person at the center, and only a few stories applied active voice.

“The editors and writers of more than 200 mini-profiles of those featured in the inaugural 2017 issue placed the person at the center and only a few stories applied active voice.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Essence grappled with building community but also making money, first by being Black owned from 1970 to 2000, then partially and then owned by Time Warner from 2000-2017 and then 2017-present back to Black owned.

“grappled with building community but also making money-first by being Black owned from 1970 to 2000, then partially and then, owned by Time Warner from 2000-2017 and then 2017-present back to Black owned.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Barnett's quotes contained several phrases for analysis, which provide a counternarrative.

“Barnett's quotes contained several phrases for analysis, which provide a counternarrative.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The intertextuality of digital language and historical context in the Garza piece brought to the forefront the BLM founders' actions and their broad reach.

“The intertextuality of digital language (hashtag),”

• cites Arceneaux et al., 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The focus does not highlight elites but the working class.

“The focus does not highlight elites but the working class.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

At the micro level, the features' authors acknowledged and uplifted the voices of the Black Lives Matter organization, which spawned a larger Movement for Black Lives.

“At the micro level, the features' authors ensured they acknowledged and uplifted the voices of the Black Lives Matter organization, who spawned a larger Movement for Black Lives (Florini, 2019).”

• cites Florini, 2019 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

O centered the social construction of Whiteness through a few texts and images in the May 2017 and September 2020 issues.

“The social construction of Whiteness was centered through a few texts and images, appearing in the May 2017 and the September 2020 issues.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The 2019 letter no longer featured an editor in chief but a chief content and creative director, MoAna Luu, and editor emeritus, Susan L. Taylor.

“The 2019 letter no longer featured an editor in chief but a chief content and creative director, MoAna Luu and editor emeritus, Susan L. Taylor.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). The quote only partly states this claim.

The conflict between commerce and publishing appeared in a profile focusing on Michelle Alexander's book, The New Jim Crow.

“The conflict between commerce and publishing appeared in another profile focusing on”

May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

Clinched Black Power fists and 'Stay Woke' lettering serve as coded symbols of the movement's ideologies and messages and become replicated or memeified on garments.

“Clinched Black Power fists,”

May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

The inaugural 2017 'Woke 100' issue franchise folded into the brand's annual Essence Festival, where the corpus mentioned Democratic U.S. Rep. Maxine Waters and filmmaker Ava DuVernay.

“Further, the inaugural 2017”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The memeification of woke culture appeared splintered, as evidenced by the discourse within De Luca's (2018) letter.

“The memeification of woke culture appeared splintered, as evidenced by the discourse within De Luca's (2018) letter.”

• cites De Luca (2018)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

AAE's signification came through with the phrase about Holley representing celebrities and noncelebrities.

“AAE's signification came through with the phrase about Holley representing celebrities and noncelebrities.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The profile illustrates the contrast between celebrity activists such as Kim Kardashian West and everyday working-class people as activists such as Johnson.

“The profile does illustrate the contrast between celebrity activists such as Kim Kardashian West and the everyday workingclass people as activists such as Johnson.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Books serve as a tool to discuss race, racism and systemic racism in O, The Oprah Magazine, with similar authors appearing in the discourse.

“Books do serve as a tool to discuss race, racism and systemic racism in O, The Oprah Magazine as well with similar authors appearing in the discourse.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Among the images was a little White girl in a toy store, looking at rows of Black dolls on shelves.

“Among the images was a little White girl in a toy store, looking at rows of Black dolls on shelves.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The 'Woke 100' issues (2017, 2018, 2019) served as macro-level counter narratives expressing racial and gender inequalities and aimed to show women of color creating their own opportunities and advocating for social justice.

“The”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The quote from expert source Brittany K. Barnett illustrates the media's framing role.

“The quote from expert source Brittany K. Barnett, an attorney who also worked on the case, illustrates the media's framing role.”

May combine two claims.

The piece excluded social actors such as former President Donald J. Trump and his administrative policies on immigration; the #OscarSoWhite movement; Jordan Peele's Get Out; Colin Kaepernick's take-the-knee protest; and the names of Black men killed by police.

“Excluded from the piece were the social actors such as former President Donald J. Trump and his administrative policies on immigration; the #OscarSoWhite movement; Jordan Peele's (2017) movie Get Out, and former NFL quarterback Colin Kaepernick's take-the-knee protest during the national anthem, and the names of Black men killed by police.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

In the passage, the names of the examples mentioned do not appear, which dilutes the topics and social actors addressing race and racism.

“The names of the examples mentioned do not appear in the passage, which dilutes the topics and social actors addressing race and racism.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Words such as 'stay woke' or 'woke' set the tone in the inaugural 2017 issue, appearing in headlines and in a small brief discussing BLM activists.

“Words such as”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The socially conscious and awareness ethos reappeared and was paired with the word 'woke'.

“The socially conscious and awareness ethos reappeared and was paired with the word,”

May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

The 2018 and 2019 editions of the Woke 100 list contained fewer mentions of the word 'woke' in the profiles, but authors and editors continued to include it in headlines and subheads.

“The 2018 and 2019 editions of the Woke 100 list contained fewer mentions of the word”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

AAE's narrativization and signification rhetorical strategies, along with active voice, framed the retelling of Alexander's decision to use royalties and prize money for social justice causes.

“AAE's narrativization and signification rhetorical strategies, along with active voice, framed the retelling of Alexander's decision to use her royalties and prize money for social justice causes (Gee, 1985;Smitherman, 1977;Troutman, 2001).”

• cites Gee, 1985Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Smitherman, 1977Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Troutman, 2001 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The turn-taking Q&A is launched with an exchange describing the historical legacy of white-dominated institutions and their impact on privileging imagery, beauty standards, and culture.

“The turntaking Q&A is launched with an exchange describing the historical legacy of whitedominated institutions and their impact on privileging imagery, beauty standards, and culture.”

• cites Rankine, 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Luu and S.L. Taylor attempted to expand the discourse, especially by the inclusion of the profile of Shawn Holley.

“Luu as well as S.L Taylor, who served as Essence's editor-in-chief from 1981-2000 (The History Makers, 2001), attempted to expand the discourse, especially by the inclusion of as follows:”

• cites The History Makers, 2001Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Welteroth's 2017 column continued to highlight other celebrities' and activists' resistance work.

“Welteroth's (2017) column continued to highlight other celebrities' and activists' resistance work: Janelle Monae and Amandla Stenberg discuss icons and representation; activist DeRay Mckesson 6 penned a”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Welteroth centered the representation conversation on Mahogany, where the movie's name channels Black-is-beautiful empowerment language of the Black Power and Civil Rights era.

“Welteroth (2017) centered the representation conversation on Mahogany, where the movie's name itself channels Black-is-beautiful empowerment language of the Black Power and Civil Rights era.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The May 2017 issue contained a mix of first-person narratives about immigration, criminal justice, Southern shame, and borders and identity curated by O's editors and cultural thought leaders as well as quotes by diverse women reflecting on their experiences.

“The May 2017 issue contained a mix of first-person narratives about immigration, criminal justice, Southern shame, and borders and identity curated by O's editors and cultural thought leaders as well as quotes by diverse women reflecting on their experiences.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Writers took the intragroup discourse about others approach to curate four-to-five hyperlinked briefs, signposted by a rose-colored, bold sans serif font logo.

“Writers took the intragroup discourse about others approach to curate four-to-five hyperlinked briefs, signposted by a rose-colored, bold sans serif font logo.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The turn-taking exchange between the unknown interviewer and Rankine addressed the practice of universal scripts erasing differences.

“The turn-taking exchange between the unknown interviewer and Rankine (2017) addressed this practice:”

• cites Rankine, 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Alexander's New Jim Crow thesis about mass incarceration introduced in Essence appeared in O magazine, without Kennedy referring to her work per se.

“Alexander's (2010) New Jim Crow thesis about mass incarceration introduced in Essence appeared in O magazine, without Kennedy (2017) referring to her work per se.”

• cites Alexander, 2010Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Kennedy, 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Another brief focused on Trump's conflict with the residual of an Obama Administration, where he accused Obama of organizing protests, blamed 'illegal leaks' for exposing campaign ties to Russia, and blamed the military for the death of a Navy SEAL during a raid Trump ordered.

“Another focused on Trump's conflict with the residual of an Obama Administration, where he”

• cites McNamara, 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Buzzfeed, Bloomberg, The Verge, and the Wall Street Journal act as the sources mined to compile these woke items.

“Buzzfeed, Bloomberg, The Verge, and the Wall Street Journal act as the sources mined to compile these woke items.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

While print editions of Teen Vogue feature more in-depth stories and fashion spreads, the digital site housed 'The Woke List,' a periodic listing of briefs, 'roundup of the top headlines you have to know.'

“While the print editions of Teen Vogue feature more in-depth stories and fashion spreads, the digital site housed”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Trump appeared in a second brief where McNamara highlighted the commander in chief calling HBCU Black presidents, 'you people.'

“Trump appeared in a second brief where McNamara (2017) highlighted the commander in chief calling HBCU Black presidents,”

• cites McNamara, 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The lead brief in 'The Woke List' discussed Apple's shareholders voting no and not being 'interested in making its leadership more diverse.'

“The lead brief discussed Apple's shareholders voting no and not being”

• cites McNamara, 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). The quote only partly states this claim.

The opening scene of Welteroth's ode to the Black film contains a 'Kabuki finale,' featuring models on the catwalk with Asian-inspired clothing and makeup on non-Asians in an Italian dinner theatre.

“The opening scene of Welteroth's ode to the Black film contains a”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The text focused on the travails of systemic racism and how the residuals impacted both benefactors and the sufferers.

“The text focused on the travails of systemic racism and how the residuals impacted both benefactors and the sufferers.”

May combine two claims.

O, The Oprah Magazine focused on race and social justice issues in two significant features in May 2017 and September 2020, taking a multicultural, neoliberal approach to 'woke culture.'

“O, The Oprah Magazine focused on race and social justice issues in two significant features in May 2017 and September 2020, taking a multicultural, neoliberal approach to”

• cites van Dijk et al., 1997Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The September 2020 issue focused on the black/white binary by featuring White privilege and the life of Breonna Taylor, who was killed by police during a no-knock police warrant attempt May 2020 in Louisville, Kentucky.

“Whereas the September 2020 issue focused on the black/white binary by featuring White privilege and the life of Breonna Taylor, who was killed by police during a no-knock police warrant attempt May 2020 in Louisville, Kentucky.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

McNamara chose to lead with Apple, a corporation's lack of diversity policy versus the HBCU story.

“McNamara (2017) chose to lead with Apple, a corporation's lack of diversity policy versus the HBCU story.”

• cites McNamara, 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Rankine's insights addressed the dynamics between a critic who makes judgments about an artist's work, which represents both culture and commodity.

“Rankine's (2017) insights addressed the dynamics present between a critic who makes judgments about an artist's work, which represents both culture and commodity.”

• cites Rankine, 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Welteroth used the AAE word 'fly' to describe Ross' colorful costumes and elaborate hair.

“Welteroth's used AAE's word,”

May combine two claims.

Celebrities remained the focus of Welteroth's column, while Mckesson's piece stood alone as closest to the movement's message on social consciousness related to race and police violence.

“Celebrities do remain the focus, while mentions of Mckesson's piece stood alone for being the closest to the movement's message on social consciousness related to race and police violence.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The story's ending reinforced the theme in the package by calling for readers to consider public safety value in society and its role in not inciting fear.

“The story's ending reinforced the theme in the package with calling for readers to consider public safety value in society and its role in not inciting fear.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The opening paragraph of the feature contextualized why O broached the topic of systemic racism, which has been framed by critical moments of Taylor and George Floyd's deaths.

“The opening paragraph of the feature contextualized why O broached the topic of systemic racism, which has been framed by critical moments of Taylor and George Floyd's deaths.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Within the Breonna Taylor 2020 special issue, O's editors focused on the way its mainstream readers view race and racism.

“Within the Breonna Taylor 2020 special issue, O's editors focused on the way its mainstream readers view race and racism.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The editors and writers employed external resources such as film, news reports from newspapers and digital sites, and activists' voices to explain social consciousness.

“The editors and writers employed external resources such as film, news reports from newspapers and digital sites, and activists' voices to explain social consciousness (Fairclough, 2016).”

• cites Fairclough, 2016Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

A keyword search of 'woke' or 'woke list' on teenvogue.com produced 192 pieces of text.

“A keyword search of”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). The quote only partly states this claim.

Narrowing the data to identify briefs related to the 'woke culture' definition produced 98 items with highest frequencies in [truncated].

“I narrowed the data to identify briefs related to the”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In 2017, 'The Woke List' on Teen Vogue's digital platform aimed to keep its readers informed.

“In 2017,”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Mckesson shifted the responsibility of individual reaction to police to a more collective response.

“Mckesson (2017) shifted the responsibility of individual reaction to police to a more collective response.”

• cites Mckesson, 2017Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The year with the most frequencies under 'Woke List' this logo appears is 2017.

“The year with the most frequencies under”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Metaphors or semiotic resources such as 'woke' help encapsulate emotions and ideologies that bind a movement or a collective experience.

“Metaphors or semiotic resources such as”

• cites Collins, 2019 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Goodwin et al., 2001Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The informality of the internet and stereotypes about Black people further shaped the content.

“The informality of the internet and stereotypes about Black people further shaped the content (M.E.Lee, 1999).”

• cites M.E.Lee, 1999Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The 'woke' message first launched on social media after the 2012 killing of Martin by Zimmerman, accelerated by the 2014 killing of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, and crystallized in mainstream discourses in 2020 with the killings of Breonna Taylor in Louisville, Kentucky, and George Floyd in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

“The message first launched on social media after the 2012 killing of Martin by Zimmerman, then, it accelerated by the 2014 killing of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, and it crystallized in mainstream discourses in 2020 with the killings of Breonna Taylor in Louisville, Kentucky, and George Floyd in Minneapolis, Minnesota (Goodwin et al., 2001;Richardson & Ragland, 2018;Rahman, 2021).”

• cites Goodwin et al., 2001Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Richardson & Ragland, 2018 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Rahman, 2021Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Critical discourse analysis falls under the qualitative methodological approach and within critical discourse studies, building upon the theoretical foundations of The Frankfurt School.

“Critical discourse analysis (CDA) falls under this methodological approach and within the discipline of critical discourse studies, for it builds upon the theoretical foundations of The Frankfurt School.”

• cites Wodak & Meyer, 2016Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The encoding of 'woke' has produced a powerful 'woke culture' tied to politics and activism and it disrupts this order.

“The encoding of”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Centering Black women and their employment of AAE has allowed for their voices to rise.

“Centering Black women and their employment of AAE has allowed for their voices to rise, as noted in Denise Troutman's (2001) analysis of Anita Hill's testimony in the 1991 Hill-Thomas hearings.”

• cites Troutman's (2001) sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Textual analysis, semiotic analysis, and content analysis rely on components used in critical discourse analysis such as text, symbols, and a corpus.

“Textual analysis, semiotic analysis, and content analysis rely on components used in critical discourse analysis such as text, symbols, and a corpus (Barthes, 2013;Harrison, 2003;Kress, 2010).”

• cites Barthes, 2013Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Harrison, 2003Not checked — no full text of the source
• cites Kress, 2010Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Encoded messages are discursively framed through 'meanings and ideas' influenced by routines, norms, ideologies, and 'institutional knowledge, definitions, and assumptions'.

“Encoded messages are discursively framed through”

• cites Hall 1980/2012Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Angus et al., 1989/1994Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The phenomenon of 'woke culture' can serve as a case to observe how an interpersonal language such as AAE spoken in working class and middle-class households alike inspired a social movement's resistance project, oscillating from the private to the public onto social media, and then decoded by editors and encoded into the lifestyle journalism magazine discourses.

“The phenomenon of”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Womencentric lifestyle publications committed to everyday life attempt to approach 'woke culture' from three typological dimensions developed from the study's literature and data analysis.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The time frame January 2016 to December 2020 captured key moments in the publications' production cycle.

“The time frame captured key moments in the publications' production cycle.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The word's continued appearance in everyday language, rooted in AAE, illustrated its viability and vernacular vibrancy, as it volleyed around in the public sphere, being reconfigured, appropriated, commodified, and deified.

“The word's continued appearance in everyday language, rooted in what linguists call African American English (AAE), Black English or Spoken Soul, illustrated its viability and vernacular vibrancy, as it volleyed around in the public sphere, being reconfigured, appropriated, commodified, and deified (McWhorter, 2016b; J.R. Rickford & R.J. Rickford, 2000;Smitherman, 1977).”

• cites McWhorter, 2016bNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites J.R. Rickford & R.J. Rickford, 2000Not checked — no full text of the source
• cites Smitherman, 1977Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The word 'woke' has become part of everyday cultural conversations, which does not look to be elite but more of the working class.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The media's reportage of political and the everyday life has relied on expert sources in power, further legitimizing and reinforcing hegemonic ideas about race, gender, and class.

“The media's reportage of political and the everyday life has relied on expert sources in power, further legitimizing and reinforcing hegemonic ideas about race, gender, and class (Mislán, 2018;Tankard, 2001).”

• cites Mislán, 2018 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Tankard, 2001Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Social actors create meaning through the language choices used to express knowledge.

“Social actors create meaning through the language choices used to express knowledge (Fairclough, 2015).”

• cites Fairclough, 2015Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Decoded messages are interpreted through an audience's position, shaped by dominant-hegemonic; professional; negotiated; or oppositional codes.

“Conversely, decoded messages are interpreted through an audience's position, shaped by dominant-hegemonic; professional; negotiated; or oppositional codes (Hall 1980(Hall /2012)).”

• cites Hall 1980/2012Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Elaine Welteroth and Lindsay Peoples Wagner served as editor-in-chiefs of Teen Vogue, with Welteroth being the first Black woman to take the helm in 2016, and Wagner the second in 2018.

“And in Teen Vogue, Elaine Welteroth and Lindsay Peoples Wagner, served as editor-in-chiefs, with Welteroth being the first Black woman to take the helm in 2016, and Wagner, the second in 2018 (Chang, 2021;Obasi, 2020).”

• cites Chang, 2021Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Obasi, 2020Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The tradition of using language to express ideas and political ideologies remains central to Black people, regardless of class.

“The tradition of using language to express ideas and political ideologies remains central to Black people, regardless of class (M.E.Lee, 1999;Morgan, 2002).”

• cites M.E.Lee, 1999Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Morgan, 2002 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Qualitative methods enabled the study to capture the lived experiences of social actors and how they interact with their environment.

“Qualitative methods were employed to examine the”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

CDA aims to be more intentional about how each of these methodological approaches speak to power, ideology, identity, and social reality within the context of history, institutions, and critical events.

“CDA aims to be more intentional about how each of these methodological approaches speak to power, ideology, identity, and social reality within the context of history, institutions, and critical events.”

• cites Wodak & Meyer, 2016Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

R. Williams argued media can serve as a conduit to transmit cultural practices, processes, and beliefs.

“Further, R. Williams (1961Williams ( /2013) ) argued media can serve as a conduit to transmit cultural practices, processes, and beliefs.”

• cites R. Williams, 1961/2013Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The emergence of 'woke' associated with activism comes from the Black Lives Matter (BLM) Movement, where a call for social justice against state-sanctioned violence inflicted on Black people's bodies has emerged after killings at the hands of police officers or security guards occurred.

“The emergence of”

• cites Cobb, 2016Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites McWhorter, 2016bNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Teen Vogue markets to 'the young and unapologetic' and is digital only since stopping its print edition in November 2017.

“Teen Vogue, which markets to”

• cites Biron, 2018Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Teen Vogue, 2022Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

The typology assisted with identifying themes from the publications' discourses and re-envisioning what magazines 'ought to do' when engaging in race, racism, and representation-themed discourses.

“The typology, however, did assist with identifying themes from the publications' discourses and re-envisioning what magazines”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The message aligned with earlier discourses in Essence magazine where the historical legacy of enslavement, Jim Crow, and the struggles for survival have been referenced explicitly or implicitly.

“The message aligned with earlier discourses in Essence magazine where the historical legacy of enslavement, Jim Crow, and the struggles for survival have been referenced explicitly or implicitly.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The author relied on training as a journalist and editor to examine the construction of messages by social actors and centralized the analysis by reviewing text through the dimensions of normative theory in journalism.

“Denzin (2017) has suggested qualitative researchers are not”

• cites Denzin, 2017 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Christians et al., 2009Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

DuVernay repositioned herself away from the narrative associated with wokeness based on its origin in the Movement for Black Lives and political correctness.

“She repositioned herself away from the narrative associated with wokeness based on its origin in the Movement for Black Lives and political correctness.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Black Lives Matter T-shirts, hats, and now books further capitalize on a movement shaped by Black pain and suffering, advocating for liberation.

“Black Lives Matter T-shirts, hats, and now books further capitalize on a movement shaped by Black pain and suffering, advocating for liberation.”

May combine two claims.

The visual elements in the Tometi feature served to legitimize Tometi as a significant voice in the discourse and movement and helped reinforce and elevate her cultural capital and professionalize her work to readers.

“These visual elements served to legitimize Tometi as being a significant voice in the discourse and movement, with the term”

• Also stated in: § Black Freedom Struggle and Activism · plain

  “This helped to reinforce and elevate Tometi's cultural capital and even professionalize her work to readers, grown skeptical by the resistance strategies employed by her and her peers.”

• cites Thoms et al., 1999Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

DuVernay's definition of woke explored the more personal and focused on the collective efforts of her show's crew to pay their condolences with their physical presence.

“DuVernay's expression explored the more personal and focused on the collective efforts of her show's crew to pay their condolences with their physical presence.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The excerpt speaks to the value of representation and importance of showing the human side of activism.

“The publication's editors could have chosen any portion of the book, but I argue the excerpt speaks to the value of representation and importance of showing the human side of activism.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The excerpt of Khan-Cullors and bandele's (2018) book followed a long-standing tradition of Essence magazine using its platform to highlight intellectual commentaries by writers, activists, and celebrities.

“The excerpt of Khan-Cullors and bandele's (2018) book followed a long-standing tradition of Essence magazine using its platform to highlight intellectual commentaries by writers, activists, and celebrities.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Mapping magazines can be empirically challenging because of the different types of content they contain.

“Holmes (2008) noted mapping magazines can be empirically challenging because of the different types of content they contain.”

• cites Holmes, 2008Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

While maintaining its fashion ethos and catering to fashion and beauty advertisers, Teen Vogue has contained a mix of explainers on Karl Marx, op-eds calling for prison abolition, and on-the-ground protest coverage from teens.

“While maintaining its fashion ethos and catering to fashion and beauty advertisers, the teen publication has contained a”

• cites Chang, 2021Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

O, The Oprah Magazine's print audience was diverse: 55% White; 39% Black/African American; 10% Asian/American Indian/Other; and 8% Hispanic.

“The audience was diverse for the print as 55% White; 39 % Black/African American; 10% Asian/American Indian/Other; and 8% Hispanic (O, The Oprah Magazine, 2020).”

• cites O, The Oprah Magazine, 2020Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The design approach in the Khan-Cullors excerpt aimed to both represent and uplift Khan-Cullors' work, despite using commercial Getty Images of a protester.

“The design approach aimed to both represent and uplift Khan-Cullors' work, despite using commercial Getty Images of a protester with an Afro, holding a cardboard sign with Black Lives Matter with one hand and a fist in the air with other (Fine, 2021, p. 27).”

• cites Fine, 2021Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

The paper applied van Dijk et al.'s (1997) framework for intercultural discourses to develop a new typology to provide 'theoretical rigor' to the encoding side of Hall's model, using examples of 'woke' discourses from the study's 2016-2020 publications.

“Thus, this paper has applied van Dijk et al.'s (1997) framework for intercultural discourses to develop a new typology to provide”

• cites van Dijk et al., 1997Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Angus et al., 1989/1994Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Hall, 1973/2007/2019Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Discourses can be disjointed, and shared meaning and knowledge can change through time.

“But these discourses can be disjointed, and shared meaning and knowledge can change through time (Fairclough, 2015).”

• cites Fairclough, 2015Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Common sense can be the foundation by which a discourse can be representative of ideologies and social phenomena.

“Yet, common sense can be the foundation by which a discourse can be representative of ideologies and social phenomena, as this study aimed to explore.”

• cites Fairclough, 2015Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

O, The Oprah Magazine assumed the cultural mediator position naturally as an extension of Winfrey's television show, where she and her guests discuss a wide variety of topics.

“O, The Oprah Magazine assumed the cultural mediator position naturally as an extension of Winfrey's television show, where she and her guests discuss a wide variety of topics.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

Language becomes a way in which people make sense of their social surroundings.

“Language becomes a way in which people make sense of their social surroundings.”

• cites van Dijk, 2003 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Teen Vogue's use of the Q&A formats, letters from the editor, along with its curated 'The Woke List,' demonstrate the definitions by Evans and Washington (2010) best serve the analysis of a teen magazine as it pivots from a fashion, beauty, and entertainment focused magazine to informing audiences of social justice issues.

“Teen Vogue's use of the Q&A formats, letters from the editor, along with its curated,”

• cites Evans & Washington, 2010Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Common sense and social practice can create group meaning and norms.

“Common sense and social practice can create group meaning and norms.”

• cites Fairclough, 2015Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Coercion and turn-taking can show the struggle between a sender and receiver.

“Coercion, turn-taking, to name a few, can show the struggle between a sender and receiver.”

• cites van Dijk, 2015Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Teen Vogue and Essence magazine underwent organizational-level shifts in ownership, production, reduction in advertising revenue, and/or distribution and this may have impacted consistency of coverage.

“Also, Teen Vogue and Essence magazine underwent organizational-level shifts in ownership, production, reduction in advertising revenue, and/or distribution and this may have impacted consistency of coverage (Shoemaker & Reese, 2014).”

• cites Shoemaker & Reese, 2014Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Essence served as the activists; O, The Oprah Magazine acted as the cultural mediators; and Teen Vogue as the allies.

“I argue Essence served as the activists; O, The Oprah Magazine acted as the cultural mediators; and Teen Vogue as the allies.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The demographics of the magazine shaped their representations.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Mediated and interpersonal interactions manifest within the pages based on the way discourses were written and organized in stories.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Essence magazine markets itself as a Black women's lifestyle guide and has a print readership of 5.6 million and 6.3 million unique online visitors.

“Essence magazine, which markets itself as a Black women's lifestyle guide, is owned by Essence Communication, Inc., and according to its media kit has a print readership of 5.6 million and 6.3 million unique online visitors (Essence, 2021).”

• cites Essence, 2021Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Each of the publications covers cultural phenomenon and lifestyle content and serves as a community to help audience members with similar interests connect and imagine themselves as members of communities of interest.

“Each of the publications cover cultural phenomenon and lifestyle content and serve as a community”

• cites Frith, 2011Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Essence launched in the 1970s to address Black women's unique experiences, features affirming visuals, and highlights aspirational lifestyles navigating hegemonic norms of the marketplace and Black empowerment scripts.

“The magazine, launched in the 1970s to address Black women's unique experiences, features affirming visuals, and highlights aspirational lifestyles navigating hegemonic norms of the marketplace and Black empowerment scripts (Saffold, 2020;Woodard & Mastin, 2005).”

• cites Saffold, 2020Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Woodard & Mastin, 2005 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). The quote only partly states this claim.

The author acknowledges Hall's dilemma with the lack of transparency in analyzing discourses and determining intention an author takes when decoding 'woke' and encoding it into their content, especially since semi-structured interviews with cultural producers were not conducted.

“However, despite these categories, I acknowledge Hall's (1973Hall's ( /2007Hall's ( /2019) ) dilemma with the lack of transparency in analyzing discourses and determining intention an author takes when decoding”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Based on their media kits, the magazines target middle-to-upper class audiences.

“Based on their media kits, the magazines target middle-to-upper class audiences.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Essence has been at the forefront of critical conversations with its 1994 HIV/AIDS cover, stances about generational wealth, political and social activism, and commitment to Black intellectual thought and literature.

“The magazine has been at the forefront of critical conversations with its 1994 HIV/AIDS cover of activist and minister Rae Lewis-Thornton; its stances about the importance of building generational wealth; its political and social activism; and its commitment to Black intellectual thought and literature (Jackson, 2020;Saffold, 2020).”

• cites Jackson, 2020 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Saffold, 2020Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Teen Vogue's content focused on beauty, style, and culture and attempted to be apolitical.

“The content focused on beauty, style, and culture and attempted to be apolitical (Chang, 2021).”

• cites Chang, 2021Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The entire study draws upon knowledge and observations made by residing in the critical historical moment of the Movement for Black Lives.

“However, the entire study draws upon knowledge and observations made by residing in this critical historical moment of the Movement from Black Lives.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Teen Vogue's print publication catered to aspiring upper-class socialites featuring mostly white, thin celebrities.

“The print publication was a digest size and catered to”

• cites Chang, 2021Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The process of how people combine text and symbols can be shaped by their own experiences with educational systems, institutions at the federal, local and state levels, religious beliefs and practices, and cultural and ethnic backgrounds.

“The process of how people combine text and symbols can be shaped by their own experiences with educational systems, institutions at the federal, local and state levels, religious beliefs and practices, and cultural and ethnic backgrounds.”

• cites van Dijk, 2003 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Essence, O, The Oprah Magazine, and Teen Vogue provided a way to explore how society and culture evolves and adapts through their coverage of 'woke culture'.

“Essence magazine; O, The Oprah Magazine; and the Teen Vogue provided a way to explore”