The impact of gut microbiota on gender-specific differences in immunity
Open accessAbstract
Males and females are known to have gender-specific differences in their immune system and gut microbiota composition. Whether these differences in gut microbiota composition are a cause or consequence of differences in the immune system is not known. To investigate this issue, gut microbiota from conventional males or females was transferred to germ-free animals of the same or opposing gender. We demonstrate that microbiota-independent gender differences in immunity are already present in germ-free mice. In particular type I interferon signaling was enhanced in the intestine of germ-free females. Presumably, due to these immune differences bacterial groups such as Alistipes, Rikenella, and Porphyromonadaceae known to expand in the absence of innate immune defense mechanism were overrepresented in the male microbiota. The presence of these bacterial groups was associated with induction of weight loss, inflammation, and DNA damage upon transfer of the male microbiota to female germ-free recipients. In summary, our data suggests that microbiota-independent gender differences in the immune system select a gender-specific gut microbiota composition, which in turn further contributes to gender differences in the immune system.
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Including both genders in the Cronin et al. study may have hindered some of the discoveries.
“However, including both genders in the study may have hindered some of the discoveries, as gender differences in the gut microbiota are known to influence, for instance, metabolic outcomes and immunity (Fransen et al., 2017).”
From Six-Week Endurance Exercise Alters Gut Metagenome That Is not Reflected in Systemic Metabolism in Over-weight Women (2018) · cites this paper as Fransen et al., 2017
Gender differences in the gut microbiota are known to influence metabolic outcomes and immunity.
“as gender differences in the gut microbiota are known to influence, for instance, metabolic outcomes and immunity (Fransen et al., 2017).”
From Six-Week Endurance Exercise Alters Gut Metagenome That Is not Reflected in Systemic Metabolism in Over-weight Women (2018) · cites this paper as Fransen et al., 2017
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- Authors
- Fransen, F., van Beek, A. A., Borghuis, T., Meijer, B., Hugenholtz, F., van der Gaast-de Jongh, C., Savelkoul, H. F., de Jonge, M. I., Faas, M. M., Boekschoten, M. V., Smidt, H., El Aidy, S., & de Vos, P.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Fransen, Floris
- Venue
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2017-06-30
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 754-754
- ISSN
- 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5491612
- OpenAlex
- W2649086355
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 3 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 10.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, sex differences in immunity, germ-free mice, microbiota transfer, type I interferon signaling, intestinal immunity, Alistipes, Rikenella, Porphyromonadaceae, inflammation, DNA damage, weight loss
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