Cited by 268Polysaccharides Composition and ApplicationsProbiotics and Fermented FoodsBacterial biofilms and quorum sensing

Exopolysaccharides as Antimicrobial Agents: Mechanism and Spectrum of Activity

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Abdalla, Abdelmoneim K., Ayyash, Mutamed M., Olaimat, Amin N., Osaili, Tareq M., Al-Nabulsi, Anas A., Shah, Nagendra P., Holley, Richard·2021·Frontiers in Microbiology

Abstract

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are metabolites synthesized and excreted by a variety of microorganisms, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB). EPS serve several biological functions such as interactions between bacteria and their environments, protection against hostile conditions including dehydration, the alleviation of the action of toxic compounds (bile salts, hydrolyzing enzymes, lysozyme, gastric, and pancreatic enzymes, metal ions, antibiotics), and stresses (changing pH, osmolarity), and evasion of the immune response and phage attack. Bacterial EPSs are considered valuable by the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries, owing to their health-promoting benefits and rheological impacts. Numerous studies have reported the unusual antimicrobial activities of various EPS against a wide variety of pathogenic microbes (bacteria, virus, and fungi). This review aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities of different EPSs, mainly against foodborne bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. The mechanism of EPS action against these pathogens as well as the methods used to measure antimicrobial activities are critically reviewed.

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Authors
Abdalla, A. K., Ayyash, M. M., Olaimat, A. N., Osaili, T. M., Al-Nabulsi, A. A., Shah, N. P., & Holley, R.
Affiliations
  • South Valley University (EG)
  • United Arab Emirates University (AE)
  • Hashemite University (JO)
  • Jordan University of Science and Technology (JO)
  • University of Hong Kong (HK)
  • University of Manitoba (CA)
Corresponding author
Ayyash, Mutamed M.
Venue
Frontiers in Microbiology
Published
2021-05-19
Volume
12
Pages
664395-664395
ISSN
1664-302X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3162369158
Cited by
268
References
83
Citations by year
2026: 50 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 8
FWCI
3.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Frontiers in Microbiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Greater South Information System
Funders
United Arab Emirates University
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
Keywords
exopolysaccharides, antimicrobial activity, lactic acid bacteria, mechanism of action, foodborne pathogens, fungal pathogens, viral pathogens, stress tolerance, immune evasion, phage resistance, rheological properties, nutraceuticals

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