Chemicals, nutrition, and autism spectrum disorder: a mini-review
Open accessAbstract
The rapid increase of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests that exposure to chemicals may impact the development of ASD. Therefore, we reviewed literature on the following chemicals, nutrient to investigate their association with ASD: (1) smoke/tobacco, (2) alcohol, (3) air pollution, (4) pesticides, (5) endocrine-disrupting chemicals, (6) heavy metals, (7) micronutrients, (8) fatty acid, and (9) parental obesity as a proxy of accumulation of specific chemicals or nutritional status. Several chemical exposures such as air pollution (e.g., particular matter 2.5), pesticides, bisphenol A, phthalates, mercury, and nutrition deficiency such as folic acid, vitamin D, or fatty acid may possibly be associated with an increased risk of ASD, whereas other traditional risk factors such as smoking/tobacco, alcohol, or polychlorinated biphenyls are less likely to be associated with ASD. Further research is needed to accumulate evidence on the association between chemical exposure and nutrient deficiencies and ASD in various doses and populations.
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Direct evidence linking any specific EDC to a clearly defined clinical disorder involving the social brain is sparse, and no single chemical has yet been definitively implicated.
“Direct evidence linking any specific EDC to a clearly defined clinical disorder involving the social brain is sparse, and no single chemical has yet been definitively implicated (18, 21–25).”
From Endocrine Disruption of Vasopressin Systems and Related Behaviors (2017) · cites this paper as [23]
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- Authors
- Fujiwara, T., Morisaki, N., Honda, Y., Sampei, M., & Tani, Y.
- Affiliations
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (JP)
- National Research Institute for Child Health and Development (JP)
- Global Cooperation Institute for Sustainable Cities (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Fujiwara, Takeo
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2016-04-20
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 174-174
- ISSN
- 1662-453X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4837386
- OpenAlex
- W2339579913
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8
- FWCI
- 1.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (16J11423)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, environmental chemical exposure, prenatal exposure, air pollution, particulate matter 2.5, pesticides, endocrine disruptors, bisphenol A, phthalates, mercury, heavy metals, micronutrient deficiency, folic acid, vitamin D, fatty acids, parental obesity, tobacco smoke, alcohol exposure, polychlorinated biphenyls, autism risk factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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