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Athletes’ nutritional demands: a narrative review of nutritional requirements
Abstract
Nutrition serves as the cornerstone of an athlete’s life, exerting a profound impact on their performance and overall well-being. To unlock their full potential, athletes must adhere to a well-balanced diet tailored to their specific nutritional needs. This approach not only enables them to achieve optimal performance levels but also facilitates efficient recovery and reduces the risk of injuries. In addition to maintaining a balanced diet, many athletes also embrace the use of nutritional supplements to complement their dietary intake and support their training goals. These supplements cover a wide range of options, addressing nutrient deficiencies, enhancing recovery, promoting muscle synthesis, boosting energy levels, and optimizing performance in their respective sports or activities. The primary objective of this narrative review is to comprehensively explore the diverse nutritional requirements that athletes face to optimize their performance, recovery, and overall well-being. Through a thorough literature search across databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, we aim to provide evidence-based recommendations and shed light on the optimal daily intakes of carbohydrates, protein, fats, micronutrients, hydration strategies, ergogenic aids, nutritional supplements, and nutrient timing. Furthermore, our aim is to dispel common misconceptions regarding sports nutrition, providing athletes with accurate information and empowering them in their nutritional choices.
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“Reported fat intake among youth team sport athletes generally aligned with the recommended range of 20 to 35 percent of total energy intake [4,52], with relative intake ranging from 0.9 to 1.8 g/kg/day.”
From Dietary intake, nutrition knowledge, and behavior in youth team sport athletes: a scoping review and call to advance research and practice (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“In adult populations, carbohydrate periodisation has been shown to enhance training adaptations and optimise performance by aligning glycogen availability with exercise demands [4,112,113]”
From Dietary intake, nutrition knowledge, and behavior in youth team sport athletes: a scoping review and call to advance research and practice (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Reported fat intake among youth team sport athletes generally aligned with the recommended range of 20 to 35 percent of total energy intake [4,52], with relative intake ranging from 0.9 to 1.8 g/kg/day.”
From Dietary intake, nutrition knowledge, and behavior in youth team sport athletes: a scoping review and call to advance research and practice (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
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Diet, muscle glycogen and physical performance.
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BackgroundNutrition and Athletic Performance
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“The field of sports nutrition has seen the publication of numerous new research papers, accompanied by the release of 17 fresh consensus statements and recommendation papers from authoritative organizations such as the IOC, ACSM, and ISSN (2, 20, 23–25).”
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“The field of sports nutrition has seen the publication of numerous new research papers, accompanied by the release of 17 fresh consensus statements and recommendation papers from authoritative organizations such as the IOC, ACSM, and ISSN (2, 20, 23–25).”
BackgroundInfluentialInternational Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise
Jäger, R., Kerksick, C. M., Campbell, B. I., Cribb, P. J., Wells, S. D., Skwiat, T. M., Purpura, M., Ziegenfuss, T. N., Ferrando, A. A., Arent, S. M., et al. (2017) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0177-8 · Cited by 873 · cited 4×
“It’s crucial to emphasize that protein is not the primary source of fuel for athletes (25).”
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- Beck, 2015, Role of nutrition in performance enhancement and postexercise recovery, Open Access J Sports Med, 6, 259, 10.2147/OAJSM.S33605 · DOI
Cited by
AlKasasbeh, W. J., Amawi, A. T., Al-Nawaiseh, S. J., Alshorman, D., Alshdaifat, K., Alawamleh, T., & Orhan, B. E. (2025) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1622166 · Cited by 14
Self-citationIrwin, N., Ó Catháin, C., Ward, C., & Kelly, D. T. (2026) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2026.2671431 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Amawi, A., AlKasasbeh, W., Jaradat, M., Almasri, A., Alobaidi, S., Hammad, A. A., Bishtawi, T., Fataftah, B., Turk, N., Saoud, H. A., Jarrar, A., & Ghazzawi, H.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Nutrition
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2024-01-18
- Volume
- 10
- ISSN
- 2296-861X
- Cited by
- 154
- References
- 66
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.