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Cited by 1,971Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressPhytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesExercise and Physiological Responses

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 209 of the 211 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Lifestyle, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Back and Forth in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Diseases

Open access
Sharifi-Rad, Mehdi, Anil Kumar, Nanjangud V., Zucca, Paolo, Varoni, Elena Maria, Dini, Luciana, Panzarini, Elisa, Rajkovic, Jovana, Tsouh Fokou, Patrick Valere, Azzini, Elena, Peluso, Ilaria, Prakash Mishra, Abhay, Nigam, Manisha, El Rayess, Youssef, Beyrouthy, Marc El, Polito, Letizia, Iriti, Marcello, Martins, Natália, Martorell, Miquel, Docea, Anca Oana, Setzer, William N., Calina, Daniela, Cho, William C., Sharifi-Rad, Javad·2020·Frontiers in Physiology
DOI 10.3389/fphys.2020.00694PMC PMC7347016
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Abstract

Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Long term exposure to increased levels of pro-oxidant factors can cause structural defects at a mitochondrial DNA level, as well as functional alteration of several enzymes and cellular structures leading to aberrations in gene expression. The modern lifestyle associated with processed food, exposure to a wide range of chemicals and lack of exercise plays an important role in oxidative stress induction. However, the use of medicinal plants with antioxidant properties has been exploited for their ability to treat or prevent several human pathologies in which oxidative stress seems to be one of the causes. In this review we discuss the diseases in which oxidative stress is one of the triggers and the plant-derived antioxidant compounds with their mechanisms of antioxidant defenses that can help in the prevention of these diseases. Finally, both the beneficial and detrimental effects of antioxidant molecules that are used to reduce oxidative stress in several human conditions are discussed.

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Crossref · 10.3389/fphys.2020.00694

Cites

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Figures

FIGURE 1 Schematic presentation of the sources of free radicals and their effects on the human body.
FIGURE 1 Schematic presentation of the sources of free radicals and their effects on the human body.CC BY · PubMed Central
FIGURE 2 Schematic figure of the link between ROS, oxidative stress and their effects on the human body. Oxidative stress is the imbalance that occurs when there is an increased production of free radicals that exceeds the body’s ability to neutralize it. Alteration of chemical reactions at the cellular level leads to the appearance of free radicals and peroxides that affect the intracellular structures – proteins, lipids, DNA, with the disruption of intrinsic mechanisms at this level. Free radicals are normally produced in the body due to the influence of external factors, such as pollution, cigarette smoke, or internal, due to intracellular metabolism when antioxidant mechanisms are exceeded.
FIGURE 2 Schematic figure of the link between ROS, oxidative stress and their effects on the human body. Oxidative stress is the imbalance that occurs when there is an increased production of free radicals that exceeds the body’s ability to neutralize it. Alteration of chemical reactions at the cellular level leads to the appearance of free radicals and peroxides that affect the intracellular structures – proteins, lipids, DNA, with the disruption of intrinsic mechanisms at this level. Free radicals are normally produced in the body due to the influence of external factors, such as pollution, cigarette smoke, or internal, due to intracellular metabolism when antioxidant mechanisms are exceeded.CC BY · PubMed Central
FIGURE 3 Primary enzymes (SOD or peroxidases) act directly in scavenging ROS. Secondary enzymes, such as glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, support the action of primary enzymes regenerating NAPDH and reduced glutathione.
FIGURE 3 Primary enzymes (SOD or peroxidases) act directly in scavenging ROS. Secondary enzymes, such as glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, support the action of primary enzymes regenerating NAPDH and reduced glutathione.CC BY · PubMed Central
FIGURE 4 Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide with an active –SH function. GSH undergoes a redox cycle, dimerizing with a disulfide bridge formation.
FIGURE 4 Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide with an active –SH function. GSH undergoes a redox cycle, dimerizing with a disulfide bridge formation.CC BY · PubMed Central
FIGURE 5 Chemical structures of Lipoic acid, Melatonin, Coenzyme Q10.
FIGURE 5 Chemical structures of Lipoic acid, Melatonin, Coenzyme Q10.CC BY · PubMed Central
FIGURE 6 Chemical structures of Vitamin C, Curcumin, Resveratrol, Quercetin, Vitamin E, β-carotene, Lycopene.
FIGURE 6 Chemical structures of Vitamin C, Curcumin, Resveratrol, Quercetin, Vitamin E, β-carotene, Lycopene.CC BY · PubMed Central

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  1. Nussbaum, 2017, Modern treatment approaches in psychoses. Pharmacogenetic, neuroimagistic and clinical implications., Farmacia, 65, 75

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Metadata

Authors
Sharifi-Rad, M., Anil Kumar, N. V., Zucca, P., Varoni, E. M., Dini, L., Panzarini, E., Rajkovic, J., Tsouh Fokou, P. V., Azzini, E., Peluso, I., Prakash Mishra, A., Nigam, M., El Rayess, Y., Beyrouthy, M. E., Polito, L., Iriti, M., Martins, N., Martorell, M., Docea, A. O., Setzer, W. N., Calina, D., Cho, W. C., & Sharifi-Rad, J.
Affiliations
  • University of Cagliari (IT)
  • University of Milan (IT)
  • University of Salento (IT)
  • Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (IT)
  • Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (IN)
  • Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (LB)
  • Universidade do Porto (PT)
  • University of Concepción (CL)
  • University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova (RO)
  • University of Alabama in Huntsville (US)
  • Queen Elizabeth Hospital (CN)
Corresponding author
  • Martorell, Miquel
  • Cho, William C.
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Physiology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2020-07-02
Volume
11
Pages
694-694
ISSN
1664-042X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fphys.2020.00694
PMC
PMC7347016
OpenAlex
W3039077710
Cited by
1,971
References
211
Citations by year
2026: 181 · 2025: 371 · 2024: 474 · 2023: 467 · 2022: 323 · 2021: 129 · 2020: 25
FWCI
20.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Physiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Research Information System of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences (Ardabil University of Medical Sciences) (submittedVersion)
  • AIRUS (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (01-0145, NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012, UID/BIM/04293/2013, UID/BIM/04293, NORTE2020, NORTE-01-0145)
  • Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CCTE AFB170007, AFB170007)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords
oxidative stress, antioxidants, lifestyle, chronic disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, mitochondrial DNA damage, processed foods, chemical exposure, physical inactivity, medicinal plants, antioxidant defense, disease prevention

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