Cited by 309COVID-19 and Mental HealthImpact of Technology on AdolescentsCommunication and COVID-19 Impact

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 124 of the 124 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Facing Loneliness and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Isolation: The Role of Excessive Social Media Use in a Sample of Italian Adults

Open access

Boursier, Valentina, Gioia, Francesca, Musetti, Alessandro, Schimmenti, Adriano·2020·Frontiers in Psychiatry

DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.586222PMC PMC7752864

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prompted people to face a distressing and unexpected situation. Uncertainty and social distancing changed people's behaviors, impacting on their feelings, daily habits, and social relationships, which are core elements in human well-being. In particular, restrictions due to the quarantine increased feelings of loneliness and anxiety. Within this context, the use of digital technologies has been recommended to relieve stress and anxiety and to decrease loneliness, even though the overall effects of social media consumption during pandemics still need to be carefully addressed. In this regard, social media use evidence risk and opportunities. In fact, according to a compensatory model of Internet-related activities, the online environment may be used to alleviate negative feelings caused by distressing life circumstances, despite potentially leading to negative outcomes. The present study examined whether individuals who were experiencing high levels of loneliness during the forced isolation for COVID-19 pandemic were more prone to feel anxious, and whether their sense of loneliness prompted excessive social media use. Moreover, the potentially mediating effect of excessive social media use in the relationship between perceived loneliness and anxiety was tested. A sample of 715 adults (71.5% women) aged between 18 and 72 years old took part in an online survey during the period of lockdown in Italy. The survey included self-report measures to assess perceived sense of loneliness, excessive use of social media, and anxiety. Participants reported that they spent more hours/day on social media during the pandemic than before the pandemic. We found evidence that perceived feelings of loneliness predicted both excessive social media use and anxiety, with excessive social media use also increasing anxiety levels. These findings suggest that isolation probably reinforced the individuals' sense of loneliness, strengthening the need to be part of virtual communities. However, the facilitated and prolonged access to social media during the COVID-19 pandemic risked to further increase anxiety, generating a vicious cycle that in some cases may require clinical attention.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.586222

Cites

124 of 124 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Untitled work
(2013) · Cited by 44,563
The Psychological Impact of Quarantine and How to Reduce It: Rapid Review of the Evidence
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3532534 · Cited by 16,394
The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30460-8 · Cited by 16,378
The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories.
Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-u · Cited by 14,523
Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science
Holmes, E. A., O'Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C., Christensen, H., Cohen Silver, R., Everall, I., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30168-1 · Cited by 5,715
The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence
Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472 · Cited by 5,173
Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms
Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-010-9210-8 · Cited by 4,782
A conceptual and methodological critique of internet addiction research: Towards a model of compensatory internet use
Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.059 · Cited by 2,519
The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study
Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000160 · Cited by 2,095 · cited 1×
“Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale The Italian version of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) [(96); original English version by (97)] was used to”
Method
The clinical significance of loneliness: a literature review
Heinrich, L. M., & Gullone, E. (2006) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.04.002 · Cited by 1,986 · cited 1×
“Moreover, clinicians might successfully orient problem-focused coping styles toward helping people facing loneliness (127).”
Background
SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine, Toronto, Canada
Hawryluck, L., Gold, W. L., Robinson, S., Pogorski, S., Galea, S., & Styra, R. (2004) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1007.030703 · Cited by 1,929
Taking risky opportunities in youthful content creation: Teenagers’ use of social networking sites for intimacy, privacy and self-expression
Livingstone, S. (2008) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444808089415 · Cited by 1,780
Loneliness: human nature and the need for social connection
(2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.46-1765 · Cited by 1,572
Loneliness and Risk of Alzheimer Disease
Wilson, R. S., Krueger, K. R., Arnold, S. E., Schneider, J. A., Kelly, J. F., Barnes, L. L., Tang, Y., & Bennett, D. A. (2007) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.2.234 · Cited by 1,363
Incidence and correlates of pathological Internet use among college students
Morahan-Martin, J. M., & Schumacher, P. (2000) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0747-5632(99)00049-7 · Cited by 1,358
The Development of a Rasch-Type Loneliness Scale
de Jong-Gierveld, J., & Kamphuls, F. (1985) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662168500900307 · Cited by 1,291 · cited 1×
“Eighteen items were constructed by adapting items from the widely used University of California Loneliness Scale (23) and the Dutch De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (93).”
Method
Why do people use Facebook?
Nadkarni, A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.007 · Cited by 1,276
The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and implications for clinical practice
Fiorillo, A., & Gorwood, P. (2020) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.35 · Cited by 1,190
Relations among loneliness, social anxiety, and problematic Internet use
Caplan, S. E. (2007) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9963 · Cited by 948
No More FOMO: Limiting Social Media Decreases Loneliness and Depression
Hunt, M. G., Marx, R., Lipson, C., & Young, J. (2018) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2018.37.10.751 · Cited by 947
Social isolation in Covid-19: The impact of loneliness
Banerjee, D., & Rai, M. (2020) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764020922269 · Cited by 934
Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research
Billieux, J., Schimmenti, A., Khazaal, Y., Maurage, P., & Heeren, A. (2015) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.4.2015.009 · Cited by 920
Social Media Effects on Young Women’s Body Image Concerns: Theoretical Perspectives and an Agenda for Research
Perloff, R. M. (2014) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-014-0384-6 · Cited by 913
Social media and loneliness: Why an Instagram picture may be worth more than a thousand Twitter words
Pittman, M., & Reich, B. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.084 · Cited by 907
Preventing problematic internet use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Consensus guidance
Király, O., Potenza, M. N., Stein, D. J., King, D. L., Hodgins, D. C., Saunders, J. B., Griffiths, M. D., Gjoneska, B., Billieux, J., Brand, M., et al. (2020) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152180 · Cited by 904
Understanding, compliance and psychological impact of the SARS quarantine experience
REYNOLDS, D. L., GARAY, J. R., DEAMOND, S. L., MORAN, M. K., GOLD, W., & STYRA, R. (2008) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268807009156 · Cited by 895
Immediate Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Quarantine in Youth From Italy and Spain
Orgilés, M., Morales, A., Delvecchio, E., Mazzeschi, C., & Espada, J. P. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.579038 · Cited by 877
Loneliness and Social Internet Use: Pathways to Reconnection in a Digital World?
Nowland, R., Necka, E. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2018) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691617713052 · Cited by 783 · cited 4×
“Moreover, according to literature, in this sample, women and younger adults seem to not only be more engaged in online social connections (71, 85) but also more exposed to negative moods.”
BackgroundInfluential
Loneliness as the cause and the effect of problematic Internet use: The relationship between Internet use and psychological well-being
Kim, J., LaRose, R., & Peng, W. (2009) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2008.0327 · Cited by 781
How can we conceptualize behavioural addiction without pathologizing common behaviours?
Kardefelt‐Winther, D., Heeren, A., Schimmenti, A., van Rooij, A., Maurage, P., Carras, M., Edman, J., Blaszczynski, A., Khazaal, Y., & Billieux, J. (2017) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13763 · Cited by 780 · cited 1×
“This consideration also explains our preference for terms, such as “excessive social media use” and “addictive-like social media use” when discussing a disproportionate engagement in social network, rather than the more common (but often incorrect on the theoretical and clinical level) “social media addiction”: the sp…”
Background
In Defense of the Internet: The Relationship between Internet Communication and Depression, Loneliness, Self-Esteem, and Perceived Social Support
Shaw, L. H., & Gant, L. M. (2002) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/109493102753770552 · Cited by 778 · cited 1×
“In sharp contrast, other studies have demonstrated that social media use may help people to decrease their sense of loneliness (86) while increasing their perceived social support, self-esteem, happiness, and satisfaction (87, 88).”
Result
Mental health outcomes of quarantine and isolation for infection prevention: A systematic umbrella review of the global evidence
(2020) · doi:10.4178/epih.e2020038 · Cited by 741
Social and emotional loneliness: An examination of Weiss's typology of loneliness.
Russell, D., Cutrona, C. E., Rose, J., & Yurko, K. (1984) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.46.6.1313 · Cited by 708
The Italian Version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21: Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties on Community and Clinical Samples
Bottesi, G., Ghisi, M., Altoè, G., Conforti, E., Melli, G., & Sica, C. (2015) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.04.005 · Cited by 701
Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: An early report on the Italian general population
Moccia, L., Janiri, D., Pepe, M., Dattoli, L., Molinaro, M., De Martin, V., Chieffo, D., Janiri, L., Fiorillo, A., Sani, G., et al. (2020) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.048 · Cited by 605
Online communication, compulsive internet use, and psychosocial well-being among adolescents: A longitudinal study.
van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Meerkerk, G.-J., Vermulst, A. A., Spijkerman, R., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2008) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.3.655 · Cited by 562
Fear of COVID 2019: first suicidal case in India!
Goyal, K., Chauhan, P., Chhikara, K., Gupta, P., & Singh, M. P. (2020) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101989 · Cited by 559
Loneliness and Internet use
Amichai-Hamburger, Y., & Ben-Artzi, E. (2003) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0747-5632(02)00014-6 · Cited by 529
Stress and coping in the time of COVID-19: Pathways to resilience and recovery
Polizzi, C., Lynn, S. J., & Perry, A. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.36131/cn20200204 · Cited by 520
Positive and Negative Emotion Regulation in Adolescence: Links to Anxiety and Depression
Young, K., Sandman, C., & Craske, M. (2019) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci9040076 · Cited by 485 · cited 1×
“Evidence also showed that the increase in negative feelings was stronger among women and younger participants when examining the effects of sociodemographic variables in the mediationmodels, which is in line with vast amounts of literature suggesting increased internalizing symptoms in females (125), even during the p…”
Result
Internet Addiction and Relationships with Insomnia, Anxiety, Depression, Stress and Self-Esteem in University Students: A Cross-Sectional Designed Study
Younes, F., Halawi, G., Jabbour, H., El Osta, N., Karam, L., Hajj, A., & Rabbaa Khabbaz, L. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161126 · Cited by 475
Social networking addiction, attachment style, and validation of the Italian version of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale
Monacis, L., de Palo, V., Griffiths, M. D., & Sinatra, M. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.023 · Cited by 446
Net-Generation Attributes and Seductive Properties of the Internet as Predictors of Online Activities and Internet Addiction
Leung, L. W. (2004) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/1094931041291303 · Cited by 437
Social support deficits, loneliness and life events as risk factors for depression in old age. The Gospel Oak Project VI
Prince, M. J., Harwood, R., Blizard, R., THOMAS, A., & MANN, A. H. (1997) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291796004485 · Cited by 407
The experience of quarantine for individuals affected by SARS in Toronto
Cava, M. A., Fay, K. E., Beanlands, H. J., McCay, E. A., & Wignall, R. (2005) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.0737-1209.2005.220504.x · Cited by 394
The public’s response to severe acute respiratory syndrome in Toronto and the United States
Blendon, R. J., Benson, J. M., DesRoches, C. M., Raleigh, E., & Taylor‐Clark, K. (2004) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/382355 · Cited by 393
Internet Use and Loneliness in Older Adults
Sum, S., Mathews, R. M., Hughes, I., & Campbell, A. (2008) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.0010 · Cited by 384
Attachment and emotion regulation in substance addictions and behavioral addictions
Estévez, A., Jáuregui, P., Sánchez-Marcos, I., López-González, H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.086 · Cited by 371
Social Contacts and Their Relationship to Loneliness among Aged People – A Population-Based Study
Routasalo, P. E., Savikko, N., Tilvis, R. S., Strandberg, T. E., & Pitkälä, K. H. (2006) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000091828 · Cited by 369
Loneliness, social contacts and Internet addiction: A cross-lagged panel study
Yao, M. Z., & Zhong, Z. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.08.007 · Cited by 364
A Meta-analytic Study of Predictors for Loneliness During Adolescence
Mahon, N. E., Yarcheski, A., Yarcheski, T. J., Cannella, B. L., & Hanks, M. M. (2006) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-200609000-00003 · Cited by 330
Internet Use and Its Relationship to Loneliness
Moody, E. J. (2001) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/109493101300210303 · Cited by 321
Loneliness, self‐esteem, and life satisfaction as predictors of Internet addiction: A cross‐sectional study among Turkish university students
Bozoğlan, B., Demirer, V., & Şahi̇n, İ. (2013) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12049 · Cited by 315
The four horsemen of fear: An integrated model of understanding fear experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic
Schimmenti, A., Billieux, J., & Starcevic, V. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.36131/cn20200202 · Cited by 313 · cited 1×
“However, this solution may reflect a fear of invisibility and inaction due to the pandemic (3) that has proved to be unsuccessful for lonelier people, whose feelings of anxiety increased.”
Background
The Psychosocial Effects of Being Quarantined following Exposure to SARS: A Qualitative Study of Toronto Health Care Workers
Robertson, E., Hershenfield, K., Grace, S. L., & Stewart, D. E. (2004) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370404900612 · Cited by 305
Loneliness, Depression, and Computer Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Problematic Internet Use
Ceyhan, A. A., & Ceyhan, E. (2008) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.0255 · Cited by 296
Safe but Lonely? Loneliness, Anxiety, and Depression Symptoms and COVID-19
Okruszek, Ł., Aniszewska-Stańczuk, A., Piejka, A., Wiśniewska, M., & Żurek, K. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.579181 · Cited by 265
Traumatic experiences, alexithymia, and Internet addiction symptoms among late adolescents: A moderated mediation analysis
Schimmenti, A., Passanisi, A., Caretti, V., Marca, L. L., Granieri, A., Iacolino, C., Gervasi, A. M., Maganuco, N. R., & Billieux, J. (2015) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.11.002 · Cited by 232
Social Support and Successful Aging: Investigating the Relationships Between Lifetime Cognitive Change and Life Satisfaction
Gow, A. J., Pattie, A., Whiteman, M. C., Whalley, L. J., & Deary, I. J. (2007) · Journal of Individual Differences · doi:10.1027/1614-0001.28.3.103 · Cited by 231
Functions of Loneliness, Social Support, Health Behaviors, and Stress in Association With Poor Health
Segrin, C. G., & Passalacqua, S. A. (2010) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410231003773334 · Cited by 228
Internet Addiction and its Psychosocial Risks (Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Loneliness) among Iranian Adolescents and Young Adults: A Structural Equation Model in a Cross-Sectional Study
Ostovar, S., Allahyar, N., Aminpoor, H., Moafian, F., Nor, M. B. M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2016) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-015-9628-0 · Cited by 225
Lonely but Not Alone: Emotional Isolation and Social Isolation as Two Distinct Dimensions of Loneliness in Older People
van Baarsen, B., Snijders, T. A. B., Smit, J. H., & van Duijn, M. A. J. (2001) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/00131640121971103 · Cited by 217
Loneliness at adolescence: correlates, attributions, and coping
Moore, D., & Schultz, N. R. (1983) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/bf02088307 · Cited by 215
A Model of Loneliness in Older Adults
Fees, B. S., Martin, P., & Poon, L. W. (1999) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/54b.4.p231 · Cited by 214
Mental health during and after the COVID‐19 emergency in Italy
Sani, G., Janiri, D., Nicola, M. D., Janiri, L., Ferretti, S., & Chieffo, D. (2020) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.13004 · Cited by 210
Coping with loneliness: A netnographic study of doctoral students
Janta, H., Lugosi, P., & Brown, L. (2012) · Journal of Further and Higher Education · doi:10.1080/0309877x.2012.726972 · Cited by 207
Do selfie-expectancies and social appearance anxiety predict adolescents’ problematic social media use?
Boursier, V., Gioia, F., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106395 · Cited by 189
Family functioning and Internet addiction among Chinese adolescents: The mediating roles of self-esteem and loneliness
Shi, X., Wang, J., & Zou, H. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.07.028 · Cited by 185
Me, my selfie, and I: The relations between selfie behaviors, body image, self-objectification, and self-esteem in young women.
Veldhuis, J., Alleva, J. M., Bij de Vaate, A. J. D. (., Keijer, M., & Konijn, E. A. (2020) · Psychology of Popular Media · doi:10.1037/ppm0000206 · Cited by 176 · cited 1×
“, (101–105)], and also improve their engagement in digital platforms (103, 106, 107).”
Background
Social support, health, and well-being among the elderly: what is the role of negative affectivity?
Kahn, J. H., Hessling, R. M., & Russell, D. W. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00135-6 · Cited by 173
Understanding the school community’s response to school closures during the H1N1 2009 influenza pandemic
Braunack‐Mayer, A., Tooher, R. L., Collins, J. E., Street, J., & Marshall, H. S. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-344 · Cited by 163
Keep Socially (but Not Physically) Connected and Carry on: Preventing Suicide in the Age of COVID-19
Courtet, P., Olié, E., Debien, C., & Vaiva, G. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.20com13370 · Cited by 163
Lockdown and Isolation: Psychological Aspects of Covid-19 Pandemic in the General Population.
(2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.36131/cn20200205 · Cited by 156
Using Social Media to Our Advantage: Alleviating Anxiety During a Pandemic
Wiederhold, B. K. (2020) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2020.29180.bkw · Cited by 153
Positive metacognitions about Internet use: the mediating role in the relationship between emotional dysregulation and problematic use
Casale, S., Caplan, S. E., & Fioravanti, G. (2016) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.014 · Cited by 152
Digital Addiction: Increased Loneliness, Anxiety, and Depression
Peper, E., & Harvey, R. (2018) · NeuroRegulation · doi:10.15540/nr.5.1.3 · Cited by 151
Facebook and body image concern in adolescent girls: A prospective study
Tiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2017) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22640 · Cited by 135
Effects of Perceived Social Support and Psychological Resilience on Social Media Addiction among University Students
Bilgin, O., & Taş, İ. (2018) · Universal Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.13189/ujer.2018.060418 · Cited by 134
Perceived stress mediates the relationship between emotional loneliness and sleep quality over time in older adults
Power, J. M., & LAWLOR, B. A. (2012) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8287.2012.02101.x · Cited by 131
Body Surveillance on Instagram: Examining the Role of Selfie Feedback Investment in Young Adult Women’s Body Image Concerns
Butkowski, C. P., Dixon, T. L., & Weeks, K. R. (2019) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-018-0993-6 · Cited by 131
The Effects of Boredom, Loneliness, and Distress Tolerance on Problem Internet Use Among University Students
Skues, J., Williams, B. J., Oldmeadow, J. A., & Wise, L. Z. (2015) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-015-9568-8 · Cited by 125
Selfie-engagement on social media: Pathological narcissism, positive expectation, and body objectification – Which is more influential?
Boursier, V., Gioia, F., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100263 · Cited by 121
Social belongingness satisfaction as a function of interaction medium: Face-to-face interactions facilitate greater social belonging and interaction enjoyment compared to instant messaging
Sacco, D. F., & Ismail, M. M. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.004 · Cited by 119
Relationship between Impulsivity, Social Media Usage and Loneliness
Aysan, F., & Savci, M. (2016) · Educational Process International Journal · doi:10.12973/edupij.2016.52.2 · Cited by 113
Objectified Body Consciousness, Body Image Control in Photos, and Problematic Social Networking: The Role of Appearance Control Beliefs
Boursier, V., Gioia, F., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00147 · Cited by 112
Interpersonally-Based Fears During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Reflections on the Fear of Missing Out and the Fear of Not Mattering Constructs.
Casale, S., & Flett, G. L. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.36131/cn20200211 · Cited by 105
Social-Emotional Loneliness and Life Satisfaction
Salimi, A. (2011) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.241 · Cited by 101
Internet Addiction and Excessive Social Networks Use: What About Facebook?
Guedes, E., Sancassiani, F., Carta, M. G., Campos, C., Machado, S. E. D. C., King, A. L. S., & Nardi, A. E. (2016) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.2174/1745017901612010043 · Cited by 101
Learning to lose control: A process-based account of behavioral addiction
Perales, J. C., King, D. L., Navas, J. F., Schimmenti, A., Sescousse, G., Starcevic, V., van Holst, R. J., & Billieux, J. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.025 · Cited by 101
Self-citation
Patterns of loneliness in an immigrant population
Ponizovsky, A. M., & Ritsner, M. S. (2004) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.03.011 · Cited by 96
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among members of households actively monitored or quarantined to prevent transmission of Ebola virus disease – Margibi county, Liberia: February–March 2015
Wilken, J. A., Pordell, P., Goode, B., Jarteh, R., Miller, Z., Saygar, B. G., Maximore, L., Borbor, W. M., Carmue, M., Walker, G. W., et al. (2017) · Prehospital and Disaster Medicine · doi:10.1017/s1049023x17006720 · Cited by 95
Stress, loneliness, and depression in Taiwanese rural community-dwelling elders
Wang, J., Snyder, M., & Kaas, M. J. (2001) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/s0020-7489(00)00072-9 · Cited by 91
Coping with Loneliness: Adolescent Online and Offline Behavior
Seepersad, S. (2004) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/109493104322820093 · Cited by 89
Multidimensional Assessment of COVID-19-Related Fears (MAC-RF): A Theory-Based Instrument for the Assessment of Clinically Relevant Fears During Pandemics
Schimmenti, A., Starčević, V., Giardina, A., Khazaal, Y., & Billieux, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00748 · Cited by 88
Predicting women's well-being in midlife: The importance of personality development and social role involvements.
Vandewater, E. A., Ostrove, J. M., & Stewart, A. J. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.72.5.1147 · Cited by 87
Loneliness and Shyness in Adolescent Problematic Internet Users: The Role of Social Anxiety
Huan, V. S. L., Ang, R. P.-H., & Chye, S. (2014) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-014-9252-3 · Cited by 86
Social and Emotional Loneliness
Vaux, A. (1988) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167288144007 · Cited by 85
The boundaries of the internalizing and externalizing genetic spectra in men and women
Kendler, K. S., & Myers, J. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713000585 · Cited by 84
Safe but lonely? Loneliness, mental health symptoms and COVID-19
Okruszek, Ł., Aniszewska-Stańczuk, A., Piejka, A., Wiśniewska, M., & Żurek, K. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/9njps · Cited by 77 · cited 1×
“Indeed, perceived feelings of loneliness have been reported as a specific risk factor for anxiety and chronic stress (24, 40, 41), as well as for high engagement in unhealthy behaviors (10, 42).”
Background
Psychosocial correlates of internet use among Italian students
Casale, S., & Fioravanti, G. (2011) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00207594.2010.541256 · Cited by 72
THE ROLE OF LONELINESS IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN CLINICAL AND SCHOOL-BASED YOUTH
Ebesutani, C. K., Fierstein, M., Viana, A. G., Trent, L. R., Young, J. N., & Sprung, M. S. (2015) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.21818 · Cited by 71
Loneliness
Schultz, N. R., & Moore, D. D. (1984) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167284101007 · Cited by 69
Emotion Regulation and Desire Thinking as Predictors of Problematic Facebook Use
Marino, C., Caselli, G., Lenzi, M., Monaci, M. G., Vieno, A., Nikčević, A. V., & Spada, M. M. (2019) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-019-09628-1 · Cited by 65
Fear, Anxiety and Health-Related Consequences After the Covid-19 Epidemic.
(2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.36131/cn20200215 · Cited by 65
Loneliness, mobility, well-being and social support in a sample of over 85 year olds
Bowling, A., Edelmann, R. J., Leaver, J., & Hoekel, T. (1989) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(89)90085-8 · Cited by 56
The Unfabulous Four: Maladaptive Personality Functioning, Insecure Attachment, Dissociative Experiences, and Problematic Internet Use Among Young Adults
Schimmenti, A., Musetti, A., Costanzo, A., Terrone, G., Maganuco, N. R., Rinella, C. A., & Gervasi, A. M. (2019) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-019-00079-0 · Cited by 55
Lise Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Ağ Sitleri Kullanımının Yordayıcısı Olarak Yalnızlık
Doğan, U., & Karakaş, Y. (2016) · Sakarya University Journal of Education · doi:10.19126/suje.40198 · Cited by 52
Problematic Internet Use in Lonely Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Detachment from Parents.
Musetti, A., Corsano, P., Boursier, V., & Schimmenti, A. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.36131/clinicalnpsych20200101 · Cited by 51
Creating, Consuming, and Connecting: Examining the Relationship Between Social Media Engagement and Loneliness
Pittman, M. (2015) · Cited by 49
Maladaptive Personality Functioning and Psychopathological Symptoms in Problematic Video Game Players: A Person-Centered Approach
Musetti, A., Mancini, T., Corsano, P., Santoro, G., Cavallini, M. C., & Schimmenti, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02559 · Cited by 49
Covid-19: a digital epidemic
Chioléro, A. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m764 · Cited by 40
Associations between Online Addiction, Attachment Style, Emotion Regulation, Depression and Anxiety in General Population: Testing the Proposed Diagnostic Criteria for Internet Addiction
Ceyhan, E., Boysan, M., & Kadak, M. T. (2018) · Sleep and Hypnosis · doi:10.5350/sleep.hypn.2019.21.0181 · Cited by 38
Italians- Social And Emotional Loneliness: The Results Of Five Studies
Zammuner, V. (2008) · Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.1056171 · Cited by 37
VIDEO-TERMINAL DISSOCIATIVE TRANCE:TOWARD A PSYCHODYNAMIC UNDERSTANDING OF PROBLEMATIC INTERNET USE
Schimmenti, A., & Caretti, V. (2017) · Cited by 33
Childhood Trauma, Reflective Functioning, and Problematic Mobile Phone Use Among Male and Female Adolescents
Musetti, A., Brazzi, F., FOLLI, M. C., Plazzi, G., & Franceschini, C. (2020) · The Open Psychology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874350102013010242 · Cited by 31
Communication Concerning Disasters and Pandemics
Hyvärinen, J., & Vos, M. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118516812.ch10 · Cited by 21
Self-concept, loneliness, and voluntary aloneness during late childhood
Corsano, P., Musetti, A., & Favari, D. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-00675-7 · Cited by 15
Iriss ESSS Outline: Covid-19, social isolation, and loneliness
Sanders, R. (2020) · doi:10.31583/esss.20200422 · Cited by 12
Digital storytellers: Parents facing with children’s autism in an Italian web forum
Boursier, V., Gioia, F., Coppola, F., & Schimmenti, A. (2019) · Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.6092/2282-1619/2019.7.2104 · Cited by 10
Cyber-Moms Facing Motherhood
Boursier, V., Manna, V., Gioia, F., Coppola, F., & Venosa, N. (2018) · Advances in healthcare information systems and administration book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-3716-8.ch002 · Cited by 9
Five Ways to View Coverage of the Coronavirus
(2020) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e500572020-001 · Cited by 8
Internet Addiction Disorder or Internet Related Psychopathology
Musetti, A., Cattivelli, R., Zuglian, P., Terrone, G., Pozzoli, S., Capelli, F., & Castelnuovo, G. (2017) · Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University) · doi:10.1421/87345 · Cited by 6
PROBLEMATIC INTERNET USE, LONELINESS AND PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT AMONG UNİVERSITY STUDENTS
Oktan, V. (2016) · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · Cited by 6
Italians- Social And Emotional Loneliness: The Results Of Five Studies
Zammuner, V. L. (2008) · Zenodo · doi:10.5281/zenodo.1056172

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Trepte, 2014, Risky behaviors: how online experiences influence privacy behaviors, p. 225
Yildiz, 2017, Emotion regulation strategies as predictors of internet addiction and smartphone addiction in adolescents, J Educ Sci Psychol., 7, 66

Sorted by citations

Prioritizing the Mental Health and Well-Being of Healthcare Workers: An Urgent Global Public Health Priority
Søvold, L. E., Naslund, J. A., Kousoulis, A. A., Saxena, S., Qoronfleh, M. W., Grobler, C., & Münter, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.679397 · Cited by 973
Fear of missing out and social networking sites use and abuse: A meta-analysis
Fioravanti, G., Casale, S., Benucci, S. B., Prostamo, A., Falone, A., Ricca, V., & Rotella, F. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106839 · Cited by 367
Deconstructing the components model of addiction: an illustration through ‘addictive’ use of social media
Fournier, L., Schimmenti, A., Musetti, A., Boursier, V., Flayelle, M., Cataldo, I., Starcevic, V., & Billieux, J. (2023) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107694 · Cited by 112
The Effects of the Fear of Missing Out on People's Social Networking Sites Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Online Relational Closeness and Individuals' Online Communication Attitude
Gioia, F., Fioravanti, G., Casale, S., & Boursier, V. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.620442 · Cited by 128
Factors mediating social media-induced fear of missing out (FoMO) and social media fatigue: A comparative study among Instagram and Snapchat users
Hattingh, M. J., Dhir, A., Ractham, P., Ferraris, A., & Yahiaoui, D. (2022) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122099 · Cited by 132

See all 309

Authors: Boursier, V., Gioia, F., Musetti, A., & Schimmenti, A.
Affiliations: University of Naples Federico II (IT)
University of Parma (IT)
Università degli Studi di Enna Kore (IT)
Corresponding author: Boursier, Valentina
ORCID: Boursier, Valentina
Gioia, Francesca
Musetti, Alessandro
Schimmenti, Adriano
Venue: Frontiers in Psychiatry
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2020-12-08
Volume: 11
Pages: 586222-586222
ISSN: 1664-0640 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.586222
PMC: PMC7752864
OpenAlex: W3111058100
Cited by: 309
References: 122
Citations by year: 2026: 32 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 1
FWCI: 19.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Frontiers in Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Social Sciences › Communication › Communication and COVID-19 Impact
Keywords: COVID-19 lockdown, loneliness, anxiety, excessive social media use, social distancing, online communities, mental health during pandemic, Italian adults

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Facing Loneliness and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Isolation: The Role of Excessive Social Media Use in a Sample of Italian Adults

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks